Cough drops are a common over-the-counter option for temporary comfort during a cold or other minor respiratory irritation. These small lozenges soothe a scratchy throat and calm a cough, providing relief. Cough drops offer symptomatic relief and do not cure the underlying cause of a cough or sore throat. They help manage discomfort while the body recovers.
How Cough Drops Provide Relief
Cough drops work by delivering active ingredients that soothe the throat and reduce irritation, often stimulating saliva production to keep the throat moist. Menthol, a common active ingredient, creates a cooling sensation and acts as a mild local anesthetic, numbing the nerve endings in the mouth and throat. This numbing effect reduces discomfort and the urge to cough.
Some cough drops contain cough suppressants like dextromethorphan, which works on the brain to reduce the cough reflex. Other varieties may include benzocaine, a local anesthetic, or demulcents like pectin and honey. Pectin and honey create a protective coating over irritated tissues, providing a soothing layer.
Recommended Usage Guidelines
Always follow the specific instructions on the cough drop packaging, as dosages and frequencies vary based on active ingredients and concentration. Many menthol-based cough drops recommend dissolving one drop slowly every two hours as needed. For most adult formulations, do not exceed 8 to 12 drops within 24 hours.
Cough drops containing dextromethorphan may have different dosing schedules, often requiring administration every 4 to 12 hours, depending on formulation. Allowing the drop to dissolve slowly ensures gradual release of active ingredients, coating the throat for sustained relief. Chewing or swallowing them whole reduces effectiveness. It is advisable to limit continuous use to no more than seven days unless directed by a healthcare professional.
Important Considerations and Warnings
Exceeding the recommended dosage can lead to various side effects, depending on active ingredients. Excessive menthol intake may cause nausea, stomach pain, headaches, or dizziness. High doses of menthol have been associated with increased cough severity rather than relief. Sugar-free varieties often contain sugar alcohols like sorbitol or xylitol, which can cause digestive issues such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea if consumed in large amounts.
Stop using cough drops and seek medical attention if your cough or sore throat worsens, or if symptoms persist for more than a few days (over two days for a severe sore throat or seven days for a cough). Consult a doctor if symptoms include high fever, rash, swelling, difficulty breathing, wheezing, or unusual colored mucus or blood when coughing. Young children are at risk for choking on cough drops, and active ingredients can be too potent, making them unsuitable for children under five or six. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, and those with underlying health conditions like diabetes, should consult a healthcare provider before use due to potential ingredient interactions or sugar content.