A diaphragm is a dome-shaped barrier contraceptive device placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix, the entrance to the uterus. It prevents pregnancy by physically blocking sperm and holding spermicidal jelly or cream against the cervix, which immobilizes or kills sperm. For the diaphragm to maintain its effectiveness, it requires consistent care and timely replacement.
Scheduled and Event-Based Replacement
Diaphragms are not meant to last indefinitely, even with perfect care, because the silicone or latex material naturally degrades over time. Manufacturers generally recommend replacing the device every one to two years, regardless of its appearance. This scheduled replacement accounts for invisible material breakdown that could compromise the barrier’s integrity over time.
The device must be replaced immediately after certain life events, as these can change the fit within the vagina and render the diaphragm ineffective. These events include giving birth, whether vaginally or by C-section, and having pelvic surgery. Any significant weight change, typically a gain or loss of 10 pounds or more, also necessitates replacement.
Daily Care and Inspection for Damage
Maximizing the lifespan of a diaphragm requires careful routine cleaning and storage after each use. The device should be washed with mild soap and warm water, then rinsed thoroughly to remove all soap residue and spermicide. It is important to avoid harsh chemicals, powders, or oil-based lubricants, as these substances can weaken the material and accelerate its degradation.
Before and after every use, the diaphragm must be inspected for damage. Users should visually and tactilely check the entire dome and rim for pinholes, tears, or cracking along the edge. A simple way to check for damage is to hold the diaphragm up to a light source while gently stretching the material or filling the dome with water to check for leaks. If any damage is found, the device must be replaced.
Understanding When a Refitting is Necessary
The diaphragm is a prescription device that requires an initial fitting by a healthcare provider (HCP) to determine the correct size. The device must sit snugly with the posterior rim resting in the posterior fornix and the anterior rim fitting securely behind the pubic bone. An improperly sized diaphragm, even if brand new, will not function as an effective barrier.
Circumstances that alter the body’s physical dimensions require a return to the HCP for a fitting check and potential resizing. If the user notices the diaphragm is suddenly uncomfortable, feels loose, or seems to slip out of place, a refitting is also warranted. The effectiveness of this barrier method depends entirely on a correct, snug fit.