The Swiss Cheese Plant (Monstera deliciosa and Monstera adansonii) is a striking tropical houseplant renowned for its large, fenestrated leaves. These perforations give the plant its common name, but foliage health depends entirely on proper hydration. Improper watering is the most frequent cause of distress and decline, making it the most important aspect of care to master. Understanding how and when to provide water is fundamental to keeping this species thriving indoors.
Determining Watering Frequency
Watering frequency should always be determined by the soil’s moisture level, not a set calendar schedule. Watering on a fixed day fails to account for changing environmental conditions inside the home. The goal is to allow the top layer of soil to dry out partially before fully rehydrating the plant.
A simple and effective method is the “finger test,” where you insert a finger one to two inches deep into the potting mix. If the soil at this depth feels completely dry, it is time to water. If you still feel moisture, wait a few days before checking again. The soil needs to dry out slightly to allow oxygen to reach the roots, but the entire root ball should never become bone-dry.
Proper Watering Technique
When it is time to water, the application method is important to ensure the entire root mass is saturated. Water thoroughly from the top, allowing the water to soak into all parts of the soil. Continue adding water until it flows freely out of the pot’s drainage holes. This process ensures that no dry pockets remain within the pot, allowing roots full access to moisture.
Proper drainage is necessary to prevent the roots from sitting in standing water. After watering, empty the saucer or cachepot within 15 to 20 minutes. Allowing the plant to sit in residual water quickly leads to fatal root rot. Using room-temperature water is also recommended, and allowing tap water to sit out overnight can help chemicals like chlorine dissipate.
Factors That Adjust Your Schedule
The speed at which the soil dries is influenced by several environmental variables, requiring constant adjustment of watering frequency. Seasonal changes are a major factor; the plant enters a period of slower growth, or dormancy, during the fall and winter months. During this time, the plant uses significantly less water, and frequency must be reduced.
Light intensity directly correlates with water use. A plant receiving bright, indirect light will transpire more and need water sooner. Conversely, a plant in a lower-light area requires less frequent watering. The pot material also plays a role, as porous terracotta pots wick moisture away, causing soil to dry faster than non-porous plastic or glazed ceramic containers. Higher ambient humidity will also slow the rate of evaporation from the soil surface.
Recognizing Distress Signals
The plant exhibits visible symptoms when its watering needs are not met, providing clear diagnostic cues. Overwatering, usually caused by perpetually wet soil, often manifests as yellowing of the older, lower leaves. If the problem progresses, the stems may turn dark and mushy, indicating the onset of root rot. Saturated soil may also develop mold or a foul smell.
In contrast, an underwatered plant shows signs of dehydration in its foliage. The leaves will droop or wilt, but they should perk up within a few hours of receiving water. A lack of moisture can also cause the leaf edges and tips to develop dry, crispy brown spots. If these symptoms are observed, a thorough soaking of the soil is necessary to reverse the dehydration.