Orthodontic elastics, commonly known as rubber bands, are small but powerful components used in braces treatment to achieve movements that brackets and wires alone cannot accomplish. These elastics apply targeted forces to correct bite alignment issues, such as overbites, underbites, and crossbites, by guiding the upper and lower jaws into their proper relationship. The continuous, gentle pressure stimulates the biological process that allows teeth to shift. Consistent use of these elastics is necessary for the efficient progression and success of the overall orthodontic plan.
The Standard Changing Schedule
The effectiveness of orthodontic elastics is directly tied to the consistency of the force they deliver, requiring frequent changes. Most orthodontists recommend replacing the rubber bands at least three to four times per day, or approximately every eight hours, to maintain optimal tension. This schedule is a general baseline, and your specific corrective goals may require a different frequency as directed by your orthodontist.
A fresh set of elastics should always be placed every time they are removed for oral hygiene or meals. This typically means changing them after breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and again before going to sleep. Following this minimum replacement schedule ensures that the therapeutic force remains effective throughout the day and night. Failure to change them often enough can significantly prolong the duration of your treatment.
The Mechanism of Force Decay
The need for frequent replacement is rooted in the physical properties of the elastic materials and the harsh environment of the mouth. Orthodontic elastics are typically made from latex or non-latex synthetic polymers, designed to exert a specific, light force upon initial placement. This continuous force safely encourages tooth movement.
Once stretched across the brackets, the material immediately begins to lose its initial elasticity, a phenomenon known as force decay. Studies indicate that a significant portion of the force, sometimes up to 50%, can be lost within the first few hours of wear. This rapid decline is exacerbated by the oral environment, including saliva, temperature fluctuations from food and drink, and mechanical stresses from chewing and speaking.
The chemical and physical breakdown causes the elastic material to relax and become permanently stretched out. Once the force level drops below the therapeutic threshold, the elastic becomes ineffective and will no longer stimulate the necessary bone remodeling. Continuing to wear a degraded elastic does not contribute to treatment and can slow down progress, making replacement with a fresh elastic necessary.
Daily Wear and Troubleshooting
The primary rule for successful elastic wear is consistency, requiring near full-time use for the most effective outcome. Patients are typically instructed to wear elastics for 22 to 23 hours every day, removing them only for brushing, flossing, and sometimes for eating, depending on specific instructions. This compliance ensures the teeth are under constant pressure, which is necessary for sustained movement.
If an elastic breaks during the day, it must be replaced immediately with a new one to prevent an interruption in the continuous force. It is helpful to carry a small, clean supply of elastics when leaving the house so a broken band can be swapped out promptly. If your supply runs low before your next scheduled appointment, contact your orthodontic office; they can usually mail you a replacement bag.
While it can be tempting to skip wear due to discomfort or inconvenience, inconsistent use is highly detrimental. If you forget to wear them for a period, simply resume the prescribed schedule immediately. Never attempt to “double up” or apply extra elastics to compensate for lost time, as this can apply excessive force and damage the teeth or roots.