An ostomy pouch is a medical device designed to collect bodily waste after a surgical procedure creates an opening, called a stoma, on the abdomen. This allows stool or urine to exit the body when the natural elimination route is not functional. The pouching system securely attaches to the skin around the stoma, containing output and protecting the surrounding skin.
General Guidelines for Emptying
It is generally recommended to empty an ostomy pouch when it is approximately one-third to one-half full. This guideline applies to various ostomy types, including ileostomy and colostomy pouches. An overfilled pouch can pull on the adhesive seal, potentially compromising its integrity and increasing the risk of leaks.
Maintaining a manageable volume also contributes to comfort and discretion, as a less full pouch is typically less noticeable under clothing. Regular emptying also helps prevent excessive pressure buildup within the pouch, which could lead to “ballooning” (when gas inflates the pouch) or strain on the adhesive. This practice supports consistent wear time and minimizes the need for urgent changes.
Factors Influencing Emptying Frequency
The frequency of ostomy pouch emptying varies significantly among individuals, influenced by several factors. The type of ostomy plays a substantial role. For example, those with an ileostomy, where output is typically liquid or pasty, may need to empty their pouches more frequently, often 5 to 10 times a day. In contrast, individuals with a colostomy usually have more formed stool and may empty their pouches less often, generally 1 to 3 times daily. A urostomy pouch, which collects urine, also requires frequent draining throughout the day.
Diet and fluid intake also impact output volume and consistency. Consuming high-fiber foods or large meals can increase output, while certain foods like bananas, rice, and potatoes can help thicken it. Excessive fluid intake can increase output in high-output ostomies, potentially leading to dehydration. Medications or health conditions can also alter bowel frequency and output consistency, necessitating more frequent emptying. The size and capacity of the ostomy pouch itself can also influence how often it needs to be emptied.
Recognizing When to Empty and What to Avoid
Individuals with an ostomy should rely on practical signs to determine when emptying is necessary. Visual cues include observing the pouch contents filling, a bulging appearance, or visible distension. Physical sensations also serve as indicators, such as a noticeable feeling of heaviness or a pulling sensation from the pouch as it fills. Some individuals may also experience a feeling of pressure or mild discomfort around the stoma.
Failing to empty an ostomy pouch promptly can lead to several consequences. There is an increased risk of leakage, as the weight and volume of contents exert greater pressure on the adhesive seal, potentially causing it to detach. This can result in peristomal skin irritation, where digestive enzymes or urine come into contact with sensitive skin, leading to redness, soreness, or even skin breakdown. An overfilled pouch can also lead to noticeable odor if the system is overwhelmed or the seal is compromised. Delaying emptying can reduce the overall wear time of the pouching system, requiring more frequent complete system changes.
Understanding Pouch System Changes
It is important to distinguish between emptying an ostomy pouch and changing the entire ostomy pouching system. Emptying refers to draining the contents from the bottom of the pouch, a task performed multiple times a day as needed. Changing the entire system involves removing the used pouch and the skin barrier (also known as a wafer or flange) and applying a new one.
The complete pouching system is typically changed every three to five days, though this can vary based on individual needs, output consistency, and the type of product used. Factors that necessitate more frequent changes include leaks, skin irritation, changes in output, or the breakdown of the adhesive. Regular full system changes are important to maintain skin health around the stoma and ensure the system’s secure attachment.