Allergy shots, formally known as allergen immunotherapy, offer a way to reduce allergic reactions over time. This treatment aims to decrease your body’s sensitivity to specific allergens, which are substances that trigger your immune system to overreact. By gradually introducing small amounts of these allergens, the body learns to build tolerance, leading to fewer and less severe symptoms. Allergy shots represent a long-term approach to managing allergies, providing relief that can continue even after the treatment concludes.
The Initial Phase of Allergy Shots
The journey with allergy shots begins with an initial phase, designed to gradually accustom your immune system to allergens. During this period, injections are typically administered frequently, often one to three times per week.
With each subsequent shot, the dose of the allergen is incrementally increased. This careful progression allows the body to develop tolerance safely, preventing an overwhelming immune response.
This build-up phase usually spans three to six months, though it can extend to six to ten months depending on the individual’s response and the specific treatment plan.
The Maintenance Phase of Allergy Shots
Following the initial build-up phase, patients transition into the maintenance phase. A maximum tolerated dose of the allergen has been reached, and the goal shifts to sustaining the acquired tolerance.
In the maintenance phase, the frequency of injections significantly decreases. Shots are given once every two to four weeks, allowing for longer intervals between appointments. The allergen dose remains constant at the established maximum level.
This phase reinforces the immune system’s desensitization to allergens. It ensures the body maintains reduced reactivity, providing ongoing relief from allergic symptoms.
Overall Treatment Duration
Allergy shot treatment is long-term, extending for three to five years. Some individuals, particularly those with severe allergies, may benefit from treatment lasting even longer than five years to maintain symptom control.
Several factors can influence the length of treatment. These include the severity of the individual’s allergies, the number of different allergens being treated, and how well the person responds to the therapy. Consistent adherence to the prescribed injection schedule is also important for achieving lasting results.
The decision to conclude treatment is made in consultation with an allergist, based on sustained symptom improvement and immune system response.
What to Expect During Treatment
Receiving allergy shots involves a consistent process for patient safety and comfort. During each appointment, a healthcare provider typically cleans the injection site, usually in the upper arm, before administering the shot. You may receive one to four injections, depending on the number of allergens in your customized treatment.
After the injection, an observation period of at least 30 minutes in the clinic is required. This allows medical staff to monitor for any potential reactions, which most commonly appear within this timeframe.
Common local reactions at the injection site include redness, swelling, or itching, similar to a mosquito bite. These reactions typically resolve within a few hours and can be managed with ice or an oral antihistamine if recommended by your allergist. While rare, more widespread systemic reactions like sneezing, hives, or wheezing can occur, making the observation period important for immediate medical intervention if needed.