Nattokinase is an enzyme derived from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans. This specific enzyme is produced during the fermentation process involving the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. It has gained attention for its potential health benefits.
How Nattokinase Influences Blood Pressure
Nattokinase may influence blood pressure through several biological mechanisms. It exhibits fibrinolytic activity, meaning it helps break down fibrin, a protein involved in blood clot formation and blood viscosity. By dissolving fibrin, nattokinase can contribute to smoother blood flow and potentially reduce resistance in blood vessels.
The enzyme also has effects similar to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ACE is an enzyme in the body that produces angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. Some research suggests nattokinase may inhibit ACE, leading to blood vessel relaxation and a reduction in blood pressure. It also reduces the aggregation of red blood cells, which can further lower blood viscosity and promote healthier blood flow.
Research Findings on Blood Pressure Effects
Current scientific evidence from human studies indicates that nattokinase may reduce blood pressure. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that nattokinase supplementation significantly lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Average reductions of approximately 3.45 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 2.32 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure were observed.
One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 86 adults with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension showed a reduction in mean systolic blood pressure by 5.5 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 2.84 mmHg after eight weeks. Another study noted a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with a more pronounced effect in males. While these findings are promising, the precise mechanism by which nattokinase lowers blood pressure, particularly its interaction with the renin-angiotensin system, requires further clarification.
Dosage and Administration
Nattokinase supplements are available in capsules or tablets, with dosages often measured in Fibrinolytic Units (FU), reflecting the enzyme’s activity in dissolving blood clots. A common dosage used in studies for blood pressure support is 2,000 FU per day.
It is suggested that nattokinase be taken on an empty stomach to optimize absorption. While 100 mg (equivalent to 2,000 FU) daily is a common and well-tolerated dose, individual needs can vary. This information is for general understanding and should not replace personalized medical advice from a healthcare professional.
Potential Side Effects and Drug Interactions
While nattokinase is generally considered safe when consumed as food or in supplement form, potential side effects and significant drug interactions exist. The primary concern relates to its blood-thinning properties. Nattokinase may increase the risk of bruising and bleeding when taken with medications that also slow blood clotting, such as anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin, apixaban) and antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ibuprofen).
Individuals with bleeding disorders should exercise caution or avoid nattokinase entirely, as it could worsen their condition. Due to the potential for increased bleeding, nattokinase should be discontinued at least two weeks before any scheduled surgical procedure. Nattokinase may also interact with blood pressure medications, potentially causing blood pressure to drop too low. There is insufficient reliable information regarding the safety of nattokinase during pregnancy or breastfeeding, so it is recommended to avoid its use. Consulting a healthcare professional before starting nattokinase, especially if taking other medications or having existing health conditions, is always advisable.