Candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, most frequently Candida albicans. This organism naturally resides in small amounts on the skin and mucous membranes, including the vagina. An infection occurs when the natural balance of the body’s microbiome is disrupted, allowing the fungus to multiply unchecked. The resulting discomfort, which includes itching, burning, and discharge, is a common issue, with approximately three out of four women experiencing this condition at least once in their lifetime.
The Supportive Role of Hydration
The idea that drinking large amounts of water can physically “flush out” a localized fungal infection is a misconception. Yeast infections are a result of fungal overgrowth on a mucous membrane, not an accumulation of toxins that can be simply washed away. Water cannot directly reach the affected tissue to remove the fungal cells causing the irritation.
Optimal hydration supports the body’s overall ability to manage illness. Water is necessary for the proper function of the lymphatic system, which transports immune cells throughout the body to sites of infection. Staying well-hydrated ensures the efficient movement of these cells and the proper elimination of metabolic waste, which indirectly supports the body’s healing processes.
Adequate fluid intake helps maintain the integrity and moisture of mucous membranes, which serve as a physical barrier against pathogens. While this does not treat the active fungal overgrowth, ensuring these tissues are well-supported is beneficial for general health.
Effective Medical Treatments for Candidiasis
The most reliable and proven method for resolving an active yeast infection involves using antifungal medications designed to target the fungal cells directly. These pharmacological treatments work by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, which halts the growth and reproduction of the Candida fungus. Treatment options are available both over-the-counter and by prescription, depending on the severity and frequency of the infection.
Over-the-counter options typically come as topical creams or vaginal suppositories containing azole antifungals such as miconazole, clotrimazole, or butoconazole. These treatments are inserted directly into the vagina and are generally effective for uncomplicated cases, with treatment courses lasting from one to seven days.
For more severe or recurrent infections, a healthcare provider may prescribe oral antifungal medication, most commonly a single dose of fluconazole. This pill is absorbed into the bloodstream, reaching the site of the infection. In cases of severe or persistent symptoms, a longer course of treatment may be necessary. It is important to complete the full recommended course of treatment, even if symptoms begin to improve quickly, to ensure the entire fungal overgrowth is eliminated.
Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Recurrence
Long-term prevention of recurrent yeast infections focuses on modifying the environmental conditions that allow the Candida fungus to thrive. Since yeast feeds on sugar, dietary modifications are a powerful tool for prevention. Specifically, reducing the intake of refined sugars and high-carbohydrate foods can help limit the food source available for the fungus.
For individuals with diabetes, maintaining tight control over blood glucose levels is highly effective in reducing the risk of recurrence. High sugar levels in the blood can increase the amount of glucose in vaginal secretions, creating a hospitable environment for Candida overgrowth.
Probiotics, containing beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, can help restore and maintain the natural acidic balance of the vaginal microbiome. Consuming foods with live cultures, like yogurt, or taking a probiotic supplement, may support the body’s natural defenses against fungal proliferation.
Appropriate clothing choices help manage the moisture and temperature of the genital area, as Candida favors a warm, damp environment. Wearing cotton underwear and loose-fitting outer garments promotes air circulation and reduces moisture retention. Changing out of wet swimwear or sweaty workout clothes immediately after use also eliminates a prime condition for fungal growth.