The Fiddle Leaf Fig (Ficus lyrata) is a popular indoor plant. Originating from the tropical rainforests of West Africa, this species thrives on a balance of moisture, mimicking its native environment. Understanding the plant’s watering needs is essential, as improper watering is the most common issue owners face. Getting the volume and frequency correct is the most important step for maintaining a healthy Fiddle Leaf Fig.
Assessing Soil Moisture
Determining the right time to water is more important than following a fixed schedule. The soil’s moisture level is the definitive indicator, as frequency changes based on numerous factors. For smaller plants (up to a 10-inch pot), water when the top two inches of soil feel dry to the touch.
A simple finger test involves pushing a finger two inches deep into the soil. If the soil feels damp or cool at that depth, delay watering. For larger plants, wait until the top half of the soil mass is dry to prevent root rot in the deeper sections.
An inexpensive soil moisture meter provides a more objective measurement, useful for large pots where the bottom soil can remain saturated. Insert the probe halfway down, and only water when the meter indicates the soil is approaching the dry end of the scale. Lifting the pot is another method; a saturated pot will feel heavier than one that has dried out.
Proper Watering Technique and Volume
The goal of watering is to mimic the heavy, infrequent downpours of its native habitat through a deep, thorough soaking. This “soak and drain” technique ensures the root ball is saturated, encouraging deep root growth. Apply water slowly until it runs freely out of the drainage holes.
This process flushes the soil, removing accumulated mineral salts that can burn the roots. The volume of water used must completely soak the soil mass. Once the water has drained out, empty the saucer or cachepot immediately.
Leaving the plant in standing water causes root rot by depriving the roots of oxygen. Adequate drainage is non-negotiable. If your pot lacks drainage holes, the risk of overwatering increases significantly.
Adjusting Watering for Environmental Factors
While the watering technique remains consistent, frequency must change depending on the plant’s environment. The most significant factor is light exposure; a Fiddle Leaf Fig in bright, indirect light uses water faster than a plant in a low-light area. More light increases photosynthesis and transpiration, accelerating the soil drying process.
Seasonality also dictates water needs. The plant typically enters a period of reduced growth during winter, slowing its metabolic rate. The interval between soaking may stretch to two or three weeks then. Conversely, during the warm summer growing season, the plant may need water every seven to ten days.
Temperature and humidity also affect water usage. Higher temperatures and low indoor humidity increase the rate of evaporation and transpiration. Porous terracotta pots allow water to evaporate through the sides, causing the soil to dry out faster than in plastic or glazed ceramic pots.
Diagnosing Water-Related Symptoms
When a Fiddle Leaf Fig is struggling, symptoms manifest on the leaves, but differentiating between overwatering and underwatering can be challenging. Overwatering leads to root rot, a fungal condition that causes roots to decay and prevents water uptake. Visual signs include dark brown or black spots, especially in the center of the leaves.
Overwatered leaves may also feel mushy or limp, and the plant often sheds its lowest, oldest leaves first. Edema, which appears as tiny, reddish-brown spots on new growth, is caused by the plant’s cells bursting from excessive water absorption. The immediate corrective action is to withhold all water until the soil is completely dry and check for root rot.
In contrast, an underwatered Fiddle Leaf Fig displays crispy, brown edges or tips on its leaves. The leaves may also appear dull and droopy, losing their normal stiffness. The soil may pull away from the sides of the pot, and the plant may drop leaves from all over. To correct underwatering, give the plant a deep soak until water drains out, ensuring the root ball is rehydrated.