Pomegranate trees (Punica granatum) originated in arid regions of the Middle East and Asia. While notably drought-tolerant, survival is not the goal for growers seeking fruit. Consistent watering is necessary to maximize the harvest and ensure fruit quality. The amount and frequency of water must be carefully managed and adjusted according to the tree’s age and the current season to prevent issues like fruit drop and splitting.
Water Needs Based on Tree Maturity
The amount of water a pomegranate tree needs changes as it establishes its root system. Newly planted trees require more frequent, lighter watering to encourage the development of shallow feeder roots. During the first growing season, a young tree benefits from two to five gallons of water per week, depending on the heat and soil type. The goal is keeping the soil consistently moist but never saturated.
The frequency should gradually decrease after the first year. Once the tree is established, typically after year three, the watering strategy must shift to encourage a deeper root structure. Mature trees thrive on deep, less frequent irrigation, which promotes long-term health and drought resistance.
An established tree, typically four years and older, requires a larger volume of water at one time to soak the root zone thoroughly. During the peak growing season, a mature tree may need the equivalent of 1.5 inches of water, approximately 4 to 6 gallons per week, depending on the tree’s size and local climate. Allow the top few inches of soil to dry out between watering sessions to promote deep root foraging.
Seasonal Adjustments and Frequency
A pomegranate tree’s water requirements fluctuate with the changing seasons and its annual growth cycle. In spring, as the tree breaks dormancy and begins growth and flowering, watering should be moderate and gradually increased. As temperatures rise, the frequency must increase to meet the demands of bud break and the initial set of fruit.
Summer brings the highest water demand, especially during the fruiting and peak heat period. High temperatures cause increased water loss through evaporation and transpiration, requiring watering up to twice a week to maintain consistent soil moisture. Inconsistent watering during this time is a primary cause of fruit cracking.
As the weather cools in the fall and the fruit nears harvest, the watering schedule should be gradually tapered off. The tree still needs consistent moisture to prevent splitting, but reduced temperatures mean less water is lost to the environment. During the winter dormancy period, water needs are minimal. Water only if the soil becomes completely dry, as excessive winter moisture causes root rot.
Recognizing Symptoms of Water Stress
Observing the tree’s foliage and fruit helps diagnose whether the watering schedule is correct. Symptoms of underwatering often appear as drooping or wilting leaves, especially at the tips, progressing to premature yellowing and eventual leaf drop. In severe cases, the tree may abort developing fruit to conserve moisture.
Paradoxically, fruit splitting is a common sign of inconsistent watering, resulting from a sudden influx of water after drought stress. Conversely, overwatering can present with similar leaf yellowing (chlorosis), but the leaves will often feel soft or limp rather than crispy. Prolonged overwatering suffocates the roots by displacing oxygen, leading to root rot.
To confirm the soil moisture level before watering, insert a finger 4 to 6 inches deep into the soil near the tree’s base. If the soil at that depth feels dry, it is time to water; if it feels damp or muddy, allow the tree more time to dry out before the next irrigation.