Luteolin is a naturally occurring plant compound belonging to a class of substances known as flavonoids. This flavonoid is found in various vegetables, fruits, and herbs. Like many plant-derived compounds, luteolin is not classified as a pharmaceutical drug, but rather is sold and regulated as a dietary supplement. Determining the optimal intake level requires understanding the compound’s purpose and recognizing that there is no official consensus or Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). This article explores the common uses, recommended intake ranges, and safety considerations for those choosing to supplement with luteolin.
Why People Take Luteolin
Individuals often seek out luteolin supplements due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties observed in laboratory and animal studies. As an antioxidant, it helps neutralize unstable molecules, known as free radicals, which contribute to oxidative stress and cellular damage. This protective mechanism is thought to underlie its health benefits.
Luteolin is frequently investigated for its neuroprotective potential, supporting cognitive function and brain health, particularly as people age. Its anti-inflammatory effect is believed to play a role in calming overactive immune responses and managing chronic inflammatory conditions. People also explore its use for anti-allergy effects, as it may help stabilize immune cells responsible for releasing histamine. Research also points toward its potential in supporting metabolic health, including effects on blood sugar regulation and lipid profiles.
Determining Appropriate Luteolin Intake
There is currently no official Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) established by regulatory bodies for luteolin, as is the case for vitamins and minerals. Consequently, dosage guidelines are primarily based on amounts used in scientific studies and the recommendations provided by supplement manufacturers. The typical supplemental dosage often falls within a range of 50 milligrams (mg) to 300 mg per day.
The lower end of this range, around 50 mg daily, is considered a maintenance dose for those seeking basic antioxidant support. For individuals targeting more specific outcomes, such as support for inflammatory responses or cognitive health, doses closer to 200 mg daily have frequently been utilized in clinical research settings. It is advisable to begin with the lowest effective dose and gradually increase it only if necessary and well-tolerated.
A significant challenge with luteolin is its relatively poor bioavailability, meaning only a small fraction of the ingested dose is absorbed into the bloodstream, sometimes as low as 5–10%. To counteract this, many commercial supplement formulations incorporate absorption enhancers to improve uptake. The optimal dose can therefore vary based on whether the supplement contains these enhancers and how efficiently the compound is delivered. Consultation with a healthcare provider is prudent before starting a new supplement regimen, especially when aiming for doses at the higher end of the typical range.
Luteolin Safety and Potential Interactions
Luteolin is generally regarded as safe when consumed in the amounts found naturally in food, but the safety profile of high-dose supplementation is less extensively studied over the long term. Some individuals may experience mild side effects, including temporary digestive upset. In specific populations, such as children with autism spectrum disorders, high doses have been anecdotally associated with temporary increases in irritability.
Luteolin may interfere with the body’s metabolism of certain medications by inhibiting liver enzymes, specifically Cytochrome P450 enzymes like CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. This inhibition could increase the concentration of co-administered drugs in the blood, raising the risk of side effects or toxicity. Individuals taking medications metabolized by these pathways, such as chemotherapy drugs or immunosuppressants, should exercise caution.
There is also a theoretical risk of interaction with blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin or aspirin, as luteolin may increase the risk of bleeding. Due to its potential to lower blood pressure, combining it with antihypertensive drugs could cause blood pressure to drop too low, leading to dizziness. Pregnant or nursing women, or those trying to conceive, are advised to avoid high-dose luteolin supplements, as animal studies have suggested negative effects on early embryonic cell differentiation.
Dietary Sources Versus Supplementation
Luteolin is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and is naturally consumed through a variety of common foods and herbs.
Excellent Dietary Sources
- Oregano
- Thyme
- Parsley
- Celery
- Radicchio
- Carrots
- Broccoli
Despite its wide availability in food, the amount of luteolin consumed through a typical diet is remarkably small, often averaging less than one milligram per day. This low intake contrasts sharply with the 50 mg to 300 mg doses found in supplements. The primary reason people opt for supplements is to achieve a concentrated intake far exceeding what can be attained through diet alone. Consuming luteolin with healthy fats may enhance its absorption.