The presence of gold within the human body might seem like an unexpected concept, yet it is a fascinating aspect of our biological composition. While we associate gold with wealth and jewelry, trace amounts of this precious metal are indeed found within each of us. This article explores the factual details surrounding gold’s existence in human biology, including its quantity, its limited natural roles, and its significant applications in medicine.
Quantifying Gold’s Presence
The human body contains a detectable quantity of gold. For an average adult weighing 70 kilograms, the total mass of gold present is approximately 0.2 milligrams. This tiny volume is imperceptible.
Gold is not present as metallic nuggets but rather in trace forms, primarily as ions or compounds. While often mentioned as being concentrated in the blood, this trace gold is distributed throughout various tissues and organs, including the liver, kidneys, hair, nails, brain, heart, and joints.
Biological Relevance and Natural Pathways
Despite its presence, gold is not considered an essential trace element for human health. Unlike other metals such as iron or calcium, gold has no established physiological function in the body. Some theories suggest it may play a role in joint health or electrical signal transmission, but these functions are not fully understood or proven essential.
The trace amounts of gold found in the human body enter naturally through various environmental exposures. This primarily occurs through the diet, as minute quantities of gold can be present in foods and drinking water. Once ingested, most elemental gold is chemically inert and passes through the digestive system largely unabsorbed. Any absorbed gold is eventually eliminated from the body, mainly through the kidneys and digestive tract.
Therapeutic Uses of Gold
Beyond its natural trace presence, gold compounds have been applied in medicine for therapeutic purposes. Historically, gold salts were used in a treatment known as chrysotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. This treatment aimed to alleviate joint pain and inflammation, though its mechanisms were not fully understood and it was largely replaced by newer, less toxic medications.
In modern medicine, gold has found new applications, especially as gold nanoparticles. These tiny particles are being explored for targeted drug delivery, particularly in cancer therapy, for precise drug delivery to diseased cells. Gold nanoparticles also show promise in medical diagnostics and imaging due to their unique physical and chemical properties.
Gold and its alloys also play a significant role in dentistry. Due to its biocompatibility, malleability, durability, and resistance to corrosion, gold is used in dental crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays, and implants. Its stability and ability to form precise fittings make it a reliable material for long-lasting dental restorations.