Ginkgo biloba, derived from one of the oldest living tree species, is a widely consumed herbal supplement. This botanical extract is frequently sought after by individuals experiencing tinnitus, the perception of sound like ringing, buzzing, or hissing when no external sound is present. Tinnitus is a common condition that can range from a minor annoyance to a significantly disruptive problem affecting daily life. Public interest in using Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) stems from its historical use in traditional medicine and its proposed effects on circulatory and neurological health.
The Scientific Basis: Effectiveness for Tinnitus
The body of clinical research investigating Ginkgo biloba’s effect on tinnitus is substantial, though the overall findings remain mixed. Some studies suggest the standardized extract provides a measurable benefit, particularly in reducing the loudness and annoyance of the sound. This benefit is attributed to the extract’s unique compounds, specifically flavonoids and terpenoids.
The biological mechanisms suggested include improved blood flow, neuroprotection, and antioxidant activity. GBE is theorized to enhance microperfusion by dilating blood vessels and reducing blood viscosity, increasing oxygen and nutrient delivery to the inner ear. Its antioxidant properties may also protect the inner ear’s hair cells and auditory nerve cells from oxidative stress damage.
The effectiveness often appears related to the duration and cause of the condition. Research indicates that GBE may be more beneficial for acute tinnitus (present for less than three months) or for cases linked to an underlying vascular issue. However, many large-scale trials conclude that GBE offers no significant advantage over a placebo for patients with chronic tinnitus, the more common and long-lasting form.
Recommended Dosage and Administration
The consensus among trials that reported positive outcomes revolves around a specific dosage and type of extract. The most common daily dosage range used in clinical studies for tinnitus is between 120 milligrams (mg) and 240 mg, typically administered in divided doses throughout the day (e.g., 60 mg or 120 mg taken twice daily).
It is highly recommended to use a standardized extract, such as EGb 761, as its composition has been rigorously tested. Standardization ensures the extract contains a specific concentration of active ingredients, usually 24% ginkgo-flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones. Non-standardized products, or those using only powdered leaf, may not contain the necessary concentration of these compounds to produce a therapeutic effect.
The duration of treatment is another important factor, as the effects of GBE are not immediate. Many successful clinical trials treated patients for at least 12 weeks before assessing the full impact on symptoms. A prolonged trial period, sometimes up to six months, is necessary to determine personal effectiveness.
Important Safety Considerations
Ginkgo biloba is generally well-tolerated by healthy adults, but it is associated with potential side effects. The most common adverse effects include mild digestive upset, headaches, and dizziness. Rarely, individuals may experience heart palpitations or skin reactions.
The primary safety concern is the potential for increased bleeding risk. This is due to the extract’s natural antiplatelet activity, which interferes with the body’s ability to form blood clots. This risk is significantly magnified when GBE is taken alongside anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, such as warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel, potentially leading to serious bleeding episodes. Medical supervision is strongly advised if combining these substances.
Ginkgo biloba may also interact with other classes of drugs, including some antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, and statins, potentially altering their effectiveness. Individuals with a history of seizures should use caution, as high doses of the supplement may lower the seizure threshold. Due to the increased risk of bleeding, the supplement should be discontinued at least two weeks before any scheduled surgical procedure.