An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped contraceptive placed inside the uterus. These long-term, reversible birth control options can be hormonal or non-hormonal. IUDs are removed for various reasons, such as reaching expiration, desiring pregnancy, or experiencing side effects. After removal, some bleeding is common as the body adjusts.
Typical Post-Removal Bleeding
Bleeding or spotting after IUD removal is typically light, similar to the end stages of a menstrual period, and usually less than a typical period. The color can vary, appearing as light pink, brown, or dark red. This post-removal bleeding generally lasts for a few days, though it can extend up to a week.
This bleeding often occurs due to cervical stimulation during the removal procedure. The uterus also undergoes an adjustment period once the device is no longer present. For those who had a hormonal IUD that thinned the uterine lining, the body begins to rebuild this lining, which can lead to some shedding.
Factors Influencing Bleeding
The amount and duration of bleeding after IUD removal can vary among individuals. The specific type of IUD previously used is one factor. Hormonal IUDs, which release progestin, often thin the uterine lining and can lead to lighter or absent periods during use. After their removal, the uterine lining begins to rebuild, and the body adjusts to the absence of hormones, which might result in some initial bleeding.
Conversely, copper IUDs do not release hormones and typically do not thin the uterine lining; some individuals experience heavier periods while using them. Following the removal of a copper IUD, the initial bleeding might be slightly heavier than with hormonal IUDs as the uterus responds to the device’s absence. The reason for removal, such as a planned removal versus removal due to pain or irregular bleeding, can also subtly affect the body’s immediate post-procedure response.
Signs Requiring Medical Attention
While some bleeding is expected after IUD removal, certain signs indicate medical attention is necessary. Heavy bleeding is a concern, defined as soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours. Passing large blood clots, especially those the size of a quarter or larger, also indicates abnormal bleeding.
Bleeding that continues for more than one or two weeks, or is unusually heavy throughout its duration, warrants medical evaluation. Severe pain not relieved by over-the-counter medication or accompanied by other symptoms should be reported. Signs of infection, including fever, chills, or unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, are also indicators to seek care. Dizziness or lightheadedness could signify significant blood loss and require immediate medical consultation.
Life After IUD Removal
After IUD removal, the menstrual cycle typically returns. The timing varies; some experience their period quickly, while for others, it may take a few weeks to three to six months. For those with a copper IUD, the menstrual cycle may normalize almost immediately, as these devices do not alter hormonal patterns.
Fertility usually returns quickly after IUD removal. Many individuals can conceive within their first menstrual cycle following removal. Studies show a significant percentage attempting pregnancy after IUD removal conceive within three to six months. If pregnancy is not desired, discuss future contraception options with a healthcare provider immediately, as protection ceases once the device is out.