An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped birth control device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are highly effective, with a success rate of over 99% in preventing unintended pregnancy. Experiencing some form of bleeding after IUD insertion is a common and expected side effect.
Immediate Post-Insertion Bleeding
Directly following IUD insertion, it is common to experience light spotting, mild bleeding, or even a period-like flow. This initial bleeding is a natural response as the body adjusts to the device and the slight trauma to the cervix and uterus during the procedure. Cramping frequently accompanies this bleeding, similar to menstrual cramps.
This bleeding subsides within a few days to weeks. It is distinct from ongoing menstrual cycle changes and indicates the body’s adaptation to the new IUD.
Ongoing Bleeding Patterns
Bleeding patterns vary significantly by IUD type and individual response, with adjustment taking three to six months. Irregular bleeding or spotting between periods is normal during this initial period.
Hormonal IUDs, which release progestin, lead to lighter, shorter periods, or even a complete cessation of periods (amenorrhea) over time. Spotting between periods is common, especially during the first three to six months, and decreases as the body adjusts. Some individuals may experience no period at all after about a year of use.
Conversely, copper IUDs, which are hormone-free, result in heavier, longer periods and potentially more cramping, particularly in the initial months. Spotting between periods is also possible. While bleeding may be heavier for the first several months, it improves after the first year of use.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While some bleeding is expected, certain symptoms warrant contacting a healthcare provider. Seek medical advice if you experience extremely heavy bleeding, such as soaking more than one pad or tampon per hour for several consecutive hours. Severe or worsening pain that is not alleviated by over-the-counter pain relievers, or pain accompanied by fever and chills, should also prompt a medical consultation.
Other red flags include unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse, or if you cannot feel your IUD strings or the IUD itself. These symptoms could indicate an infection, IUD expulsion, or other complications. Contact your doctor with any concerns about your bleeding patterns or other symptoms after IUD insertion.