Gray wolves are a significant part of Montana’s natural heritage, playing a role in the state’s diverse ecosystems. These predators naturally recolonized parts of Montana in the early 1980s, primarily dispersing from Canada into the northwest. Their presence has become a topic of considerable public interest, reflecting ongoing discussions about wildlife management and conservation.
Montana’s Latest Wolf Count
Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (FWP) reported an estimated statewide wolf population of 1,091 for 2024. This figure represents a slight decrease from the 2023 estimate of 1,103 wolves. The population remains well above federal recovery thresholds, which were met in 2002.
The FWP’s 2024 annual wolf report indicates the state supports approximately 181 wolf packs, distributed across roughly 66,000 square kilometers. While the statewide number shows relative stability, some regional variations exist. For instance, Region 3 has experienced a gradual decline in wolf numbers, dropping from 215 in 2020 to 173 in 2024, whereas western and northwest regions (Regions 1 and 2) have maintained more consistent populations.
Population estimates are derived from a monitoring approach that provides data on wolf distribution and abundance. These numbers are central to the state’s ongoing wolf management efforts.
Methods for Tracking Wolves
Montana FWP primarily uses a method called Integrated Patch Occupancy Modeling (iPOM) to estimate wolf populations. This approach combines various data sources to predict wolf distribution and abundance across the state. It relies on annual hunter effort surveys, known wolf locations, and environmental factors like habitat to determine where wolves are present.
The iPOM method also incorporates models that predict wolf territory sizes and pack sizes, which are crucial for deriving total abundance estimates. This system is accurate, cost-efficient, and provides confidence intervals for its estimates. While iPOM is the main tool, FWP also utilizes field-based techniques such as radio-collaring, genetic analysis, and remote cameras for monitoring and research.
Influences on Wolf Numbers
Wolf populations in Montana are influenced by a combination of biological factors and human management activities. Birth rates, determined by litter sizes and pup survival, contribute to population growth. Mortality rates, however, play a significant role in population fluctuations.
Human-caused mortality, including regulated hunting and trapping seasons, is a primary factor affecting wolf numbers. For instance, wolf harvest occurs annually. Control actions in response to livestock depredation also contribute to mortality, with incidents confirmed by wildlife services.
Prey availability, such as elk, deer, and moose, directly impacts wolf health and reproductive success. Habitat quality and fragmentation also influence wolf distribution and density. Montana FWP implements management strategies, including setting annual hunting and trapping quotas, to maintain the wolf population at a sustainable level.