Arizona’s diverse landscapes host numerous snake species. Understanding these reptiles, especially the venomous ones, is important for both safety and appreciating the state’s natural inhabitants. While many snakes are harmless, some possess venom and warrant caution.
The Count: Arizona’s Venomous Snake Diversity
Arizona is home to a significant number of venomous snake species, more than any other state in the United States. Reports indicate that the state has 21 different types of venomous snakes. These venomous species primarily belong to the rattlesnake family, along with one species of coral snake.
Within Arizona, there are 13 identified species of rattlesnakes, all of which are venomous. This makes rattlesnakes the most prevalent group of venomous snakes in the state. In addition to rattlesnakes, the Arizona coral snake contributes to the state’s venomous snake population.
Meet Arizona’s Venomous Species
Arizona’s venomous snake population is largely dominated by rattlesnakes, which are a type of pit viper. Rattlesnakes occupy various habitats across Arizona, from deserts and grasslands to rocky areas and woodlands.
The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake is a common and widely recognized type, often found in arid regions. The Mojave Rattlesnake is another species known for its potent venom, thriving in northwestern deserts. Other notable rattlesnake species include the Sidewinder, identifiable by its unique sidewinding movement, the Arizona Black Rattlesnake, found in higher elevations, and the Tiger Rattlesnake, which possesses highly potent venom despite its smaller size.
The Arizona Coral Snake is the state’s other venomous species. This snake is an elapid, distinct from pit vipers, and is recognized by its bright banding pattern of red, yellow, and black. These snakes are typically secretive and nocturnal, preferring rocky areas or dense vegetation. Despite their potent neurotoxic venom, their small size and fixed fangs make bites to humans less common, as they inject smaller amounts of venom.
Distinguishing Venomous from Non-Venomous
Identifying venomous snakes from non-venomous ones in Arizona involves observing several key characteristics. Rattlesnakes, being pit vipers, typically have a distinct triangular head shape due to their venom glands. Their pupils are often vertical slits, similar to a cat’s eye, and they possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. The most obvious indicator for rattlesnakes is the segmented rattle at the end of their tail, which produces a warning sound when vibrated.
The Arizona Coral Snake, on the other hand, has a more rounded head and round pupils. Its coloration is a specific pattern of red, yellow (or white), and black bands. A common rhyme helps differentiate it from non-venomous mimics: “Red touches yellow, kill a fellow; red touches black, venom lack.” Caution is always advised when encountering any snake.
Living Safely with Arizona’s Snakes
Coexisting with Arizona’s snake population requires awareness and adherence to safety measures. When outdoors, wear sturdy footwear and long pants, especially when hiking or walking through tall grass or rocky areas. Staying on marked trails can reduce the likelihood of encountering snakes that prefer to hide in dense vegetation or under rocks. Observing where you place your hands and feet is also important, as snakes may hide in crevices or under logs.
If a snake is encountered, give it ample space and avoid disturbing it. Snakes are generally not aggressive and will attempt to avoid human interaction; most bites occur when people try to handle or harm them. If a bite occurs, immediate medical attention is necessary. Remaining calm and still, removing any jewelry or tight clothing from the affected area, and immobilizing the bitten limb can help slow venom spread. Call 911 or seek the nearest medical facility promptly, without attempting to cut the bite, apply ice, or use a tourniquet.