Flossing is essential for maintaining oral hygiene, removing the sticky, bacteria-laden film called plaque from between the teeth. A toothbrush cannot effectively reach the approximately 40% of tooth surface area contained within these tight interdental spaces. Flossing is the only way to clean below the contact points where two teeth meet, disrupting plaque formation and promoting a healthier mouth.
The Recommended Flossing Frequency
Dental professionals recommend flossing at least once per day. This frequency is based on the biological timeline of bacterial plaque development. Plaque, if left undisturbed, begins to mature and harden into calculus, or tartar, within 24 to 72 hours.
Tartar is a calcified deposit that cannot be removed by regular brushing and flossing; it requires professional intervention from a dental hygienist. Flossing daily disrupts this maturation process before plaque hardens into a permanent deposit. A single, thorough cleaning session every 24 hours is sufficient for most people to maintain the health of their gums and teeth.
Mastering Proper Technique and Timing
Achieving the full benefit of flossing depends on using a specific technique that ensures the floss fully engages the surfaces of the tooth. The recommended method is the “C-shape” wrap, which involves curving the floss around the side of one tooth. This shape allows the floss to hug the entire side of the tooth and gently slide just beneath the gumline, targeting the biofilm that accumulates in this area.
It is important to use a clean section of floss for each tooth or pair of teeth to avoid moving bacteria and plaque across the mouth. The motion should be a gentle up-and-down rub against the side of the tooth, avoiding aggressive “sawing” that can injure the gum tissue. While string floss is standard, alternatives like floss picks, interdental brushes, or water flossers are effective for individuals with limited dexterity or dental appliances.
Regarding timing, flossing before brushing your teeth is suggested. Flossing first dislodges trapped food particles and plaque from between the teeth. The subsequent brushing action with fluoride toothpaste sweeps away this loosened debris, allowing the fluoride to better penetrate and protect the newly cleaned surfaces. Performing this routine before bed ensures the mouth is clean of food particles and bacteria during sleep.
Understanding the Risks of Skipping Flossing
Neglecting flossing allows interdental plaque to accumulate, fostering serious oral health problems. When plaque is left between teeth, the bacteria release acids and toxins that attack tooth enamel and gum tissue. This initial irritation results in gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease, characterized by gums that are red, swollen, and prone to bleeding.
If the plaque is not removed, the condition progresses to periodontitis, a destructive form of gum disease. Periodontitis leads to the destruction of the bone and tissue supporting the teeth, resulting in gum recession, deep pockets of infection, and potentially tooth loss. The constant presence of plaque and its acidic byproducts increases the risk of developing interproximal cavities, which form between the teeth where the toothbrush cannot reach. Consistent daily flossing prevents these severe outcomes.