Hippopotamuses are among the most imposing mammals, known for their immense size and powerful jaws. These semi-aquatic giants possess a unique dental structure that aids their survival and interactions within their environment. Exploring the specifics of their teeth reveals a fascinating adaptation to their lifestyle.
The Adult Hippo’s Tooth Count
An adult common hippopotamus typically has 36 teeth. While 36 is the common number, some adult hippos might have more teeth due to the retention of their deciduous, or “milk,” teeth into adulthood.
Types and Roles of Hippo Teeth
A hippo’s mouth contains four types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. The incisors number eight in total, with four on the upper jaw and four on the lower. The lower incisors protrude forward and can reach lengths of up to 40 centimeters (16 inches), playing a role in defense and tearing vegetation.
The canines, often referred to as tusks, number four. The lower canines are the largest and most tusk-like, capable of growing up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) or even longer. These tusks are primarily used for combat and aggressive displays, such as defending territory or fighting other hippos, rather than for consuming food. They continuously grow throughout the hippo’s life and are self-sharpened by grinding against the smaller upper canines.
Further back in the mouth are the premolars and molars, collectively known as “cheek teeth,” with 12 of each type. These teeth have flat, ridged surfaces designed for crushing and grinding the tough plant material that forms the bulk of a hippo’s diet. Unlike the incisors and canines, premolars and molars do not grow continuously and are susceptible to wear over time.
Hippo Teeth Through Life Stages
Hippo dental development begins before birth, with calves born without erupted teeth. Soon after birth, young hippos develop 32 milk teeth. These initial teeth include incisors, canines, and premolars, which are gradually replaced by permanent teeth as the hippo matures.
As hippos grow, their incisors and canines continue to lengthen. This continuous growth ensures these defensive and display structures remain functional. The molars and premolars, however, do not exhibit continuous growth and can wear down from grinding tough vegetation.