Turkeys have a prominent tail, an iconic feature that captivates observers. This feathered structure is more than just aesthetic; it plays multiple roles in the turkey’s life. Understanding its specifics reveals insights into the bird’s biology and behavior.
The Definitive Count
A wild turkey typically possesses 18 large tail feathers, known as rectrices, forming its distinctive fan. These feathers are crucial for the bird’s functionality. While 18 is the most common number, individual turkeys can exhibit slight variations, sometimes having an odd number of feathers, such as 19, or occasionally even more. These prominent rectrices are distinct from the smaller, underlying covert feathers, which provide insulation and smooth airflow over the base of the tail.
Purpose of the Turkey’s Tail
The turkey’s tail feathers serve multiple functions, with a primary role in display. Male turkeys, or toms, fan their tails during courtship rituals to attract hens and assert dominance over rivals. This fanning behavior is part of a larger strutting display where the tom puffs out his body feathers and drags his wings. Each tail feather is controlled by individual muscles, allowing the bird to spread them into a broad fan.
Beyond display, the tail feathers contribute to the turkey’s locomotion. They provide stabilization, assist with steering, and act as brakes during flight. These strong feathers are essential for controlling movement through the air, especially given the turkey’s heavy body. The tail also helps turkeys maintain balance when walking and running across varied terrain.
Variations in Tail Feathers
Tail feathers differ among turkeys based on sex and age. Male turkeys generally possess more vibrant, iridescent tail feathers that are uniform in length, which allows for their fan-like display. Female turkeys, known as hens, typically have duller plumage and their tail feathers are uneven in length, providing better camouflage for nesting.
Age also influences the appearance of a turkey’s tail. Juvenile male turkeys, or jakes, have tail fans with central feathers noticeably longer than outer ones, creating an uneven outline. In contrast, adult turkeys have tail feathers that are all relatively the same length, forming a smooth, rounded fan when spread. Turkeys undergo a molting process once a year, where old feathers are replaced with new ones, to maintain plumage condition.