Slow lorises are nocturnal primates native to the rainforests of South and Southeast Asia. They are recognized by their large, round eyes, adapted for excellent night vision, and their characteristically slow, deliberate movements. They possess a venomous bite, a rare trait among primates, which they deliver by mixing secretions from a gland on their arm with their saliva. Their distinctive appearance and unusual features have drawn public interest and concern about their survival.
Understanding Slow Loris Numbers
Accurately counting slow loris populations is challenging due to their nocturnal, arboreal, and elusive nature, making precise figures largely unknown. All slow loris species are experiencing declining populations.
There are nine recognized species of slow lorises, and their conservation status varies. The Javan and Bangka slow lorises are classified as “Critically Endangered” by the IUCN Red List, indicating an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. The Javan slow loris, for instance, has seen a population decline of at least 80% over the past 24 years.
Bengal, Greater (Sunda), Sumatran, and Pygmy slow lorises are listed as “Endangered,” while Philippine, Kayan, and Bornean slow lorises are categorized as “Vulnerable.” The Sunda slow loris population, specifically, has declined by 50% over the last 25 years. While some species are found in protected areas, their populations within these regions are often low or insufficiently recorded.
Primary Dangers to Slow Lorises
Slow loris populations face significant threats. Habitat loss and degradation are major factors, as deforestation for agriculture, such as palm oil and rubber plantations, and logging destroy their natural homes. Human encroachment, including settlement expansion and infrastructure development, further fragments their habitats, making it difficult for these arboreal primates to move between forest patches.
The illegal pet trade is another danger, where slow lorises are captured and sold as exotic pets. Their perceived “cuteness” and their slow, docile nature make them targets for this trade. Captured lorises often undergo cruel procedures, such as tooth removal, leading to infection and high mortality rates. Many die from poor nutrition, stress, or infection in captivity.
Slow lorises are also hunted for use in traditional medicine and as bushmeat in some regions. Various body parts are believed to possess medicinal properties, with some traditional practices using them to treat ailments or for good luck. This demand has led to unsustainable hunting pressures.
Global Conservation Efforts
Numerous strategies and initiatives are being implemented globally to protect slow lorises. International organizations like the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) play a significant role. All slow loris species are listed under CITES Appendix I, which prohibits international commercial trade to safeguard them from extinction.
National governments and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are also actively involved. Efforts include anti-poaching measures, establishment of rescue and rehabilitation centers for confiscated animals, and habitat protection and restoration projects. Educational campaigns raise public awareness about the illegal wildlife trade and the importance of not purchasing slow lorises as pets. Healthy slow lorises can be released back into their natural habitats, though challenges remain for those with injuries like removed teeth.
Supporting Slow Loris Survival
Individuals can contribute to slow loris conservation through several practical actions. One important step is to be mindful of product choices, particularly those containing palm oil, by opting for sustainably sourced alternatives. Unsustainable palm oil production is a significant driver of deforestation in slow loris habitats.
Never purchase slow lorises as pets or support any activities that exploit them, such as photo opportunities with captive animals. Engaging with reputable conservation organizations by donating or volunteering can provide direct support for their efforts. Spreading awareness about the threats slow lorises face and sharing accurate information about their endangered status can help reduce demand and promote their protection.