Cuba, the largest island nation in the Caribbean, sits at a tropical latitude that dictates its weather patterns. Because of this geographic positioning, the country does not experience the four distinct seasons familiar to temperate regions. Instead, Cuba’s climate is characterized by consistent warmth, but with variations in rainfall and humidity. Therefore, the island experiences only two principal seasons governed by temperature and precipitation changes.
Cuba’s Two Climatic Seasons
The annual weather cycle in Cuba is divided into two distinct periods: the Dry Season and the Wet Season. This structure is common across many tropical regions. The seasons are differentiated more by shifts in precipitation and humidity than by large temperature swings. This classification defines the year’s rhythm for agriculture, tourism, and daily life.
The Dry Season is observed from November through April, bringing the most comfortable weather conditions. The Wet Season spans the remaining months, typically from May through October. The transition between these two states is usually gradual, with November and May often acting as transitional months.
The Dry Season: Defining Cuba’s Cooler Months
The Dry Season (November to April) is characterized by lower humidity and reduced rainfall. This period offers consistently sunny and mild conditions, making it the most pleasant time to visit. Average high temperatures typically range from 77°F to 82°F (25°C to 27°C). January is one of the coolest months, averaging around 71.6°F (22°C).
Nighttime temperatures can drop slightly, especially inland, providing comfortable sleeping conditions. Precipitation is at its lowest, with March frequently recording the least rainfall, averaging around 28 millimeters (1.1 inches) in Havana. The diminished moisture contributes to clearer skies and makes outdoor activities more enjoyable. This climate is influenced by the northeastern trade winds, which provide a constant, gentle breeze.
The Wet Season: Heat, Humidity, and Rainfall
The Wet Season (May to October) brings higher temperatures and a marked increase in atmospheric moisture. Average high temperatures often reach 81°F (27.2°C) in July and August, sometimes exceeding 87°F (31°C). High relative humidity, averaging 80% or more, makes the air feel heavy and intensifies the sensation of heat.
Rainfall is substantial, with the majority of the year’s total precipitation occurring during these six months. The rain typically follows a distinct pattern, arriving as short, intense afternoon downpours or thunderstorms. June is frequently the month with the highest average rainfall, sometimes recording up to 141 millimeters (5.5 inches).
This season coincides with the Atlantic Hurricane Season, which runs from June 1st to November 30th. Cuba is situated in a region where tropical storms and hurricanes are possible, with the peak threat concentrated between August and October. Although direct hits are infrequent, the potential for destructive weather systems requires preparedness during these months.