Fordyce spots are common, harmless skin bumps. They are small, raised bumps that can appear on various parts of the body, a natural occurrence, not a medical condition. They are not a cause for concern and generally do not require treatment.
Understanding Fordyce Spots
Fordyce spots are visible sebaceous glands, which are the oil-producing glands in the skin, but they are unique because they appear without an associated hair follicle. They typically present as small bumps, ranging from 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter, similar to the size of a pinhead or a sesame seed. These spots can be white, yellow, pale red, or even skin-colored.
While they can appear individually, Fordyce spots often occur in small groups or clusters, sometimes numbering 50 or more. Common locations include the edges of the lips, inside the cheeks, and on genital areas such as the penis, scrotum, or labia. Stretching the affected skin can make them more noticeable.
How Common Are They?
Fordyce spots are extremely common, affecting a large majority of the adult population. Research indicates that between 70% and 80% of adults have Fordyce spots. Some estimates suggest the prevalence might be as high as 90% in adults. Although present from birth, these spots often become more apparent during puberty and adulthood due to hormonal changes. They are found across different age groups and genders, though some studies suggest they may be twice as common in males than in females. Their commonality means that most individuals will have them to some degree, even if they are not always readily visible.
Why Fordyce Spots Appear
Fordyce spots are a normal variant of sebaceous glands that become visible on mucous membranes or hairless skin. Unlike typical sebaceous glands that are connected to hair follicles and release oil onto the skin surface, Fordyce spots are essentially misplaced or “ectopic” sebaceous glands that open directly onto the skin. This direct opening makes them more noticeable. This increased visibility is linked to hormonal changes that occur during adolescence, which can cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge. Hormones, particularly androgens, play a role in their development and increased size.
Addressing Concerns About Fordyce Spots
Many doctors advise against treatment unless the spots are a significant cosmetic concern for the individual. However, if there is any uncertainty about whether a bump is a Fordyce spot or another condition, especially if new spots appear on the genitals, a medical consultation is advisable. A doctor can provide a proper diagnosis and rule out other conditions that might look similar, such as sexually transmitted infections like genital warts or herpes.
Additionally, medical advice should be sought if the spots become painful, itchy, change in appearance, or show signs of infection like redness, swelling, or discharge. While treatments for cosmetic removal exist, they are often not medically necessary and may carry risks such as scarring.