Moose, recognized for their imposing size and distinctive antlers, are a significant part of Idaho’s diverse wildlife. These large ungulates inhabit various landscapes across the state, contributing to the ecological fabric of the region. This article explores the estimated numbers of moose in Idaho, details their preferred habitats, and explains the strategies employed to monitor and conserve their populations.
Idaho’s Moose Population: Current Estimates
The current estimated moose population in Idaho ranges between 10,000 and 12,000 animals. This estimate is provided by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG), which oversees wildlife management within the state. While Idaho’s moose population saw an increase, likely peaking around the late 1990s or early 2000s, some areas have recently experienced declines.
Despite regional declines, particularly in northern and southeastern Idaho, the overall population has shown signs of stabilization in recent years. Conversely, moose populations are expanding their range into some south-central regions of the state. These dynamics influence management decisions, including annual hunting tag allocations, which have been reduced in response to regional declines.
Where Idaho Moose Roam: Habitat and Distribution
Shiras moose, Alces alces shirasi, are found throughout much of Idaho, with the exception of the southwestern corner. Their historical range has expanded over the past century from smaller areas in northern and eastern Idaho to their current widespread distribution. Moose occupy a variety of habitats, including the coniferous forests of northern Idaho and the mixed aspen and conifer forests of southeastern and central Idaho.
Riparian cottonwood and willow communities in southern Idaho are also important habitats. During winter months, moose utilize sagebrush steppe and dense forest areas. Highest concentrations are found in northern Idaho (Panhandle and Clearwater regions) and extreme eastern Idaho (Upper Snake and Southeast Idaho areas). Populations are also present in south-central Idaho, particularly within the South Hills near Twin Falls and other southern mountain ranges. Occasionally, individual moose may venture into urban environments like Boise or Pocatello.
Managing Idaho’s Moose: Monitoring and Conservation
The Idaho Department of Fish and Game employs various methods to monitor and manage moose populations. Aerial surveys estimate numbers, though direct counts are challenging due to moose’s solitary nature compared to other ungulates like deer or elk. Harvest data, including hunter success rates and antler spread measurements, provides insights into population health and trends.
Moose management in Idaho aims to maintain sustainable populations, enhance habitats, and provide regulated hunting opportunities. The Idaho Moose Management Plan for 2020-2025 outlines the direction for research and management actions. Challenges to moose populations include habitat changes resulting from development, timber harvest, and reduced wildfires, which can impact forage availability and cover.
Climate shifts, such as warmer winters and less deep snow, affect moose by reducing their ability to evade predators and increasing parasite burdens. Diseases and parasites, including winter ticks, carotid artery worms, and blood parasites, are researched as potential factors in population changes. Conservation efforts involve research studies, such as collaring projects, to understand survival rates and causes of mortality, and the relocation of moose that stray into urban areas to more suitable habitats.