Moose capture public interest, particularly in states where their presence is rare. While often associated with more northern landscapes, these large mammals occasionally roam the dense forests and wetlands of Wisconsin. Understanding their status in the state offers insight into the dynamics of wildlife populations at the southern edge of their range.
The Current Moose Population in Wisconsin
The current estimated number of moose in Wisconsin is small, with recent DNR estimates suggesting 20 to 30 individuals. This population is not considered established, as many of these moose are young males that wander into the state from neighboring Minnesota and Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Data indicates there are only a few breeding females, suggesting a limited resident breeding population within Wisconsin.
Historical Context and Limiting Factors
Moose were once common across northern Wisconsin until the late 1800s, but were largely extirpated by 1900 due to unregulated hunting and habitat loss. Sightings began to increase again in the 1960s, likely as Minnesota’s moose population expanded. Despite these sporadic re-sightings, the current population remains low due to several limiting factors.
The brainworm parasite, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, carried by white-tailed deer, is fatal to moose. This parasite is prevalent in northern Wisconsin’s deer population, often exceeding densities harmful to moose. Climate change also contributes to heat stress for moose, making them more vulnerable to starvation and reducing reproductive success. Habitat fragmentation and predation can also limit population growth.
Where Moose Are Found and Sighting Information
Moose in Wisconsin are primarily found in northern counties, especially those bordering Minnesota and Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Counties like Iron, Vilas, Oneida, and Forest have seen frequent moose observations. These areas provide suitable habitats, including dense conifer forests, wetlands, and bogs, which moose prefer for browsing and cover.
In 2023, 14 moose observations were reported to the DNR; eight were in Iron County. If you encounter a moose, observe it from a distance and avoid sudden movements or loud noises. Moose are large and can become aggressive if threatened.
Monitoring and Conservation Initiatives
The Wisconsin DNR monitors moose through various methods, including public sighting reports and trail cameras. The Snapshot Wisconsin program, a citizen science initiative, collects data on species like moose through trail camera photos. From 1991 to 2017, citizen scientists reported 762 moose sightings to the DNR.
Moose are considered a “Species of Greatest Information Need – Monitoring” in the draft 2025–2035 Wisconsin Wildlife Action Plan, prioritizing data collection and evaluation of their presence and reproduction. While there are no reintroduction programs for moose in Wisconsin, the DNR tracks their presence and studies factors affecting their persistence. Continued monitoring helps inform conservation decisions for these animals.