Moose are a relatively recent addition to Utah’s large mammal population, having migrated naturally from neighboring states like Wyoming and Idaho starting in the early 1900s. These impressive animals are the largest members of the deer family, standing up to six feet tall at the shoulder and weighing over a thousand pounds. Their presence is now firmly established across the northern mountain ranges, attracting the interest of hikers and wildlife enthusiasts.
Current Population Estimates and Counting Methods
The estimated statewide population of moose in Utah currently ranges between 2,500 and 3,000 animals. This number is not an exact count but a scientifically derived estimate, as precisely counting every solitary animal across vast, rugged terrain is impractical. The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR) primarily uses aerial surveys conducted during the winter months, when snow cover improves visibility and moose are concentrated in lower elevations.
The core technique employed is the stratified random block count, a method that divides management areas into smaller blocks. Biologists rank these blocks based on the likelihood of finding moose, factoring in habitat features like elevation and vegetation density. Survey crews then fly over a random sample of these high-priority blocks, often using helicopters, to count all observed moose, recording their age and sex.
This raw count data is then integrated into sophisticated population models alongside other biological information. Researchers use data from radio-collared female moose to track survival rates, calving success, and recruitment of young into the population. Harvest data from permitted hunters also contributes to the model, allowing managers to better understand population dynamics, growth, and mortality rates.
Habitat and Geographic Distribution
Utah’s moose population is concentrated in the northern half of the state, which lies at the southern extent of the Shiras moose subspecies range. The primary areas of distribution are the high-elevation mountains, including the North Slope of the Uinta Mountains and the mountain ranges along the Wasatch Front. Smaller, more isolated populations also exist in other ranges.
Moose depend on specific environments characterized by cool temperatures and dense vegetation. They thrive in forest habitats that feature a mosaic of wooded areas and open spaces near water sources.
Riparian areas are especially important because they provide a steady supply of preferred forage, such as new woody growth, willows, and aspen. During the summer, they also seek out aquatic vegetation in marshes and wetlands, which are rich in minerals and nutrients.
Conservation Status and Public Safety
The DWR manages the moose population with established goals for herd health and size, which fluctuate based on habitat availability. The state’s management plan addresses the need to sustain a viable population while mitigating conflicts with human development, especially in areas like the Wasatch Front where the urban-wildland interface is extensive. This oversight includes managing a limited number of hunting permits, which are highly sought after by residents.
Public safety is a significant component of moose management, as their large size means they can be dangerous. Moose view dogs as predators and can become extremely aggressive toward them and their owners, so hikers must keep pets leashed and controlled. Signs of an aggressive moose include hair standing up on the neck, lowered head, or pinned-back ears.
Should an encounter occur, people should never approach the animal and should immediately give it plenty of space. If a moose charges, the recommended action is to quickly seek cover behind a large, solid object, such as a sturdy tree or a vehicle. In urban areas, the DWR often intervenes to relocate “nuisance” moose back to suitable habitat away from homes and roads.