Moose, the largest members of the deer family, have made a notable return to New York State’s landscape. Their presence sparks public interest, as many seek to understand the size and dynamics of this re-established population.
Current Population Estimates
New York’s moose population is primarily concentrated within the Adirondack Park. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) estimated approximately 600 to 700 moose in the Adirondack region as of 2018 and 2019. Another estimate from 2022 placed the population between 550 and 900 animals in northern New York. These figures are estimates, derived through various methods. The NYSDEC conducts aerial surveys to assess population changes, using helicopters to estimate the total population based on sightings. Researchers utilize GPS collaring of moose, including calves, to track movements, survival rates, and reproductive success. Public sighting reports and surveys of deer hunters also contribute data to monitoring population trends.
Where New York’s Moose Live
Moose in New York State are predominantly found in the northeastern part of the state, particularly within the Adirondack Mountains. They also inhabit the Taconic Highlands, which stretch along the Massachusetts and Vermont borders. These regions offer suitable habitat for moose, which prefer boreal forest areas.
Ideal moose habitat consists of a mosaic of upland mature mixed forests, open areas created by natural disturbances or logging, and wetlands. Moose are browsers, feeding on leaves, twigs, and buds of various trees and shrubs like maples, birches, and willows. During summer, they often wade into ponds and wetlands to feed on aquatic plants, which provide relief from insects and heat. In winter, moose may seek shelter in dense conifer stands when snow depths are significant.
Factors Influencing Their Numbers
Several factors influence the moose population in New York. Climate change presents a significant challenge, as moose can experience heat stress in warmer temperatures. Heat stress can lead to reduced foraging, weight loss, and lower calf production. Changes in forest composition due to warming temperatures may also reduce the availability of preferred food sources like maple and birch.
Parasites and diseases affect moose numbers. Brainworm, carried by white-tailed deer, is fatal to moose even though it does not harm deer. Winter ticks are another concern; large tick infestations can cause significant blood loss, emaciation, and mortality, especially in calves. Black bears and coyotes may prey on moose calves, but adult moose have no natural predators in New York. Vehicle collisions account for some moose mortalities.
New York’s Moose Management
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) actively monitors and manages the state’s moose population. A multi-year research project, initiated in 2015, involves collaborations with institutions like Cornell University and SUNY-ESF to assess moose health and population dynamics. This research includes fitting moose with GPS collars to track their movements and survival rates, helping biologists understand factors limiting population growth. Moose are considered a protected species in New York, with no established hunting season. Management efforts balance their needs with public safety, addressing nuisance animals or reducing vehicle collisions. The goal is to ensure the long-term health and stability of New York’s moose population.