Green iguanas are a common sight in Florida but are not native to the state. These large reptiles are an invasive species, having established significant populations. Their widespread presence raises questions about their numbers and the challenges they pose to Florida’s environment and infrastructure.
Understanding the Iguana Population
Determining the precise number of green iguanas in Florida is challenging. Their elusive nature, arboreal habits, and camouflage make accurate counting difficult. Rapid reproduction rates and extensive distribution also complicate estimates.
Despite these difficulties, estimates suggest their numbers exceed several million and are rapidly increasing. Figures are derived from sightings, trapping data, and breeding success assessments, not exact counts. They are one of Florida’s most prevalent invasive species, particularly in southern regions.
Arrival and Proliferation in Florida
Green iguanas originate from Central and South America and some eastern Caribbean islands. Their introduction to Florida primarily occurred through the pet trade, beginning in the 1960s. Many were intentionally released by owners or escaped captivity.
Florida’s warm, subtropical climate provides an ideal habitat, mimicking their native environment. Lush vegetation offers abundant food, and a lack of natural predators allows them to thrive. Green iguanas have a high reproductive rate, with females laying 14 to 76 eggs per clutch, sometimes multiple times a year, contributing to rapid proliferation.
Consequences of Their Presence
The growing iguana population in Florida has several negative impacts. Ecologically, these herbivores consume native plants, including endangered species or food sources for native wildlife like the Miami blue butterfly. They compete with native species for resources and prey on eggs and young of native birds and reptiles.
Beyond ecological concerns, iguanas cause economic and infrastructural damage. Their burrowing can undermine sidewalks, seawalls, foundations, and canal banks, leading to costly repairs. They damage landscaping, consuming ornamental plants, flowers, and garden vegetables. Their droppings create a public nuisance on docks, boats, and around swimming pools, and they can carry Salmonella bacteria, posing a health risk.
Controlling the Iguana Population
Controlling the green iguana population in Florida involves various mitigation methods, as eradication is unlikely due to their vast numbers. As a non-native species, green iguanas are not protected in Florida, except by anti-cruelty laws, allowing humane removal or killing on private property with landowner permission. Relocating captured iguanas within Florida is not permitted.
Homeowners and professional pest control services employ trapping, shooting (where legal and safe), and habitat modification. Habitat modifications include removing attractive plants, filling burrows, and installing physical barriers. The FWC encourages public involvement in their removal. While complete eradication is unlikely given their adaptability and widespread distribution, these efforts aim to manage numbers and reduce detrimental impacts.