Hydroxyzine is a prescription medication primarily known for its antihistamine properties, which means it can block the effects of histamine in the body. This action helps relieve symptoms associated with allergic conditions, such as itching, chronic hives, and atopic and contact dermatitis. Beyond its antihistamine effects, hydroxyzine also possesses sedative qualities, making it useful for managing anxiety and tension, and as a calming agent before or after surgical procedures. It can also help with nausea and vomiting in some situations.
Recommended Daily Dosages
Daily hydroxyzine dosage depends on age, the medical condition, and individual response. For adults, when treating allergic conditions like chronic urticaria or histamine-mediated itching, an initial dose of 25 mg at night may be prescribed, potentially increasing to 25 mg three or four times daily, with a maximum daily dose typically around 100 mg. For anxiety, adult dosages often range from 50 mg to 100 mg per day, usually divided into multiple doses, with some sources indicating up to 100 mg four times a day for anxiety symptoms, reaching a maximum of 400 mg daily for certain indications.
Dosage adjustments are common to minimize potential side effects such as excessive sedation. Hydroxyzine can also cause anticholinergic effects, including dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation, which are more pronounced with higher doses. Another concern is QT prolongation, a change in the heart’s electrical activity that can increase the risk of irregular heart rhythms; this effect is dose-dependent and necessitates careful consideration, especially in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.
For elderly patients, a reduced maximum daily dose of 50 mg is generally recommended due to increased sensitivity to side effects like confusion and drowsiness, as well as potential age-related liver, kidney, or heart issues. Pediatric dosing for children older than 6 years can range from 50 mg to 100 mg per day, divided into doses, while children younger than 6 years typically receive around 50 mg daily in divided doses, or approximately 2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, depending on the indication. Both hydroxyzine hydrochloride (HCl) and hydroxyzine pamoate are available forms; their dosages and uses are generally considered the same. Always adhere strictly to a healthcare professional’s prescription.
Safety Precautions and Overdose Awareness
Exceeding the recommended dosage of hydroxyzine can lead to an overdose, characterized by a range of symptoms. Common signs include severe drowsiness, confusion, headache, dry mouth, and a rapid heartbeat. More serious manifestations can involve impaired reflexes and coordination, difficulty urinating, seizures, and in severe cases, coma. Overdose can also worsen QT prolongation, potentially leading to dangerous heart rhythm disturbances.
In the event of a suspected hydroxyzine overdose, immediate medical attention is necessary. Contact emergency services or a poison control center. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a healthcare professional. Treatment for an overdose typically involves supportive care, such as monitoring vital signs, ensuring a clear airway, and managing any seizures that occur. Activated charcoal may be administered to reduce drug absorption if the overdose is recent.
General safety precautions for hydroxyzine use include avoiding alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, as these can significantly enhance the sedative effects of hydroxyzine, leading to increased drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired judgment. This combination can also increase the risk of slowed breathing and low blood pressure. It is also important to inform your doctor about all current medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to prevent potential drug interactions. Hydroxyzine is a prescription medication and should only be used under the direct supervision of a healthcare provider.