A fever in children indicates an elevated body temperature, typically above 100.4°F (38°C) when measured rectally. It is not an illness itself but rather a common symptom, signaling that the body’s immune system is actively responding to an underlying challenge. While the frequency of fevers can concern parents, these episodes are often a natural and beneficial part of a child’s developing immune defenses.
Common Reasons for Childhood Fevers
Fevers often result from infections, primarily viral ones. Common viral illnesses like colds, influenza, and roseola trigger a fever as the immune system fights pathogens. Less frequent bacterial infections, such as ear infections, strep throat, and urinary tract infections, can also cause fevers.
Vaccinations can also cause a temporary temperature rise, indicating immune system protection. Teething may cause a slight temperature elevation but not a true fever. These common exposures are an expected part of childhood, aiding immune maturation.
Understanding Normal Fever Frequency
Young children experience more fevers than adults due to developing immune systems and increased pathogen exposure. Infants and toddlers often have several fevers annually, especially if they attend daycare or have older siblings. Children under two may experience 7 to 10 febrile illnesses yearly.
As children age and their immune systems mature, fever frequency generally tends to decrease. School-aged children may still experience several fevers a year, though perhaps not as many as younger children. Normal frequency varies based on group settings, time of year, and individual immune responses. Frequent, mild fevers are a common part of childhood, reflecting immune development.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many fevers in children are benign, certain circumstances warrant prompt medical evaluation. Infants younger than three months old with a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher need immediate medical attention. Their developing immune systems mean a fever could signal a serious infection.
Regardless of age, medical advice should be sought if a fever is accompanied by concerning symptoms such as difficulty breathing, a new rash, a stiff neck, or an unusually severe headache. Persistent lethargy, inconsolable crying, signs of dehydration (like reduced urination), or a child appearing very ill even with a mild fever, also warrant contacting a healthcare provider. A fever lasting over 24 hours in infants under two, or over 72 hours in older children, also warrants medical consultation. If a child’s fever does not respond to fever-reducing medication, or if there is a sudden worsening of symptoms, it is advisable to seek professional medical guidance.