Elk have made a remarkable return to Wisconsin’s landscape, representing a significant conservation success story. Their re-establishment offers unique wildlife viewing opportunities. This article details their journey, current status, and management efforts.
Elk Reintroduction and Growth
Wisconsin’s elk population was extirpated by the late 1800s due to unregulated hunting and habitat loss. Elk were absent from the state’s forests for over a century. Reintroduction efforts began in 1995 when 30 elk from Michigan were released near Clam Lake in Sawyer County, establishing the Clam Lake herd.
The success of the Clam Lake herd paved the way for further expansion. A second reintroduction began in 2015, bringing elk from Kentucky to Jackson County. This established the state’s second wild elk population, diversifying their geographic distribution and strengthening the species’ foothold in Wisconsin.
Current Elk Population and Locations
Wisconsin’s elk population has steadily grown since reintroduction efforts began. As of late 2023, the estimated total elk population in Wisconsin stands at over 500 animals. This number reflects the combined strength of the state’s two primary herds.
The larger Clam Lake herd comprises approximately 400 elk, inhabiting the forested areas of Ashland, Bayfield, Sawyer, and Price counties in northern Wisconsin. The Jackson County herd, in west-central Wisconsin, has grown to over 100 animals, roaming across Jackson, Clark, and Eau Claire counties, utilizing diverse habitats. Wildlife agencies estimate populations using aerial surveys, tracking collared animals, and ground observations from staff and public observations.
Managing Wisconsin’s Elk Herds
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) plays a central role in managing the state’s elk herds, often collaborating with partner organizations. Habitat management is a primary focus, maintaining and enhancing forest ecosystems that provide food and cover for elk. This includes practices such as timber management and prescribed burns to promote new forage growth.
Population monitoring is continuous, involving techniques such as collaring individual elk to track their movements, assess their health, and understand herd dynamics. These efforts help identify potential challenges, such as disease outbreaks or vehicle collisions, and inform management strategies to mitigate these risks.
The broader conservation goals center on ensuring the long-term health, genetic diversity, and sustainable growth of both elk herds. Public support and engagement are also important for the continued success of these conservation initiatives.