Elk, once a common sight across eastern North America, disappeared from Virginia by the late 1800s due to unregulated hunting and habitat destruction. After a period of absence, these large mammals have made a remarkable return to the state. Their reestablishment demonstrates how dedicated efforts can restore native species to their historical ranges.
Current Elk Population
Virginia’s elk population has steadily grown since reintroduction efforts began, with recent estimates indicating a thriving herd. As of September 2020, the restored elk herd numbered over 250 animals, increasing to more than 275 by 2021 and approximately 303 by 2022. The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) carefully monitors these numbers through various methods, including ear tags and GPS collars on individual elk. This detailed tracking allows the DWR to understand population dynamics, movement patterns, and survival rates.
DWR monitoring efforts involve capturing elk to fit them with GPS collars and ear tags. This data helps assess the geographic spread of the population and identify habitat use. The consistent growth observed in the population suggests a stable and increasing trend for elk in Virginia.
Reintroduction and Management Efforts
A significant reintroduction program commenced between 2012 and 2014, relocating 71 adult elk and four calves from southeastern Kentucky to Buchanan County. This initiative was a collaborative effort involving the DWR. The primary goal was to establish a self-sustaining population in an area with suitable habitat and minimal human-wildlife conflict.
The DWR maintains an Elk Management Plan to guide conservation activities. This plan outlines strategies for monitoring herd health, managing habitat, and addressing human-elk interactions. The designated Elk Management Zone (EMZ) includes Buchanan, Dickenson, and Wise counties, areas with low human density and extensive reclaimed mine lands offering ideal elk habitat. Within the EMZ, elk hunting is currently prohibited year-round, although a limited lottery hunt for bull elk has been implemented in recent years.
Where Virginia’s Elk Reside
Virginia’s elk herd is concentrated primarily in the southwestern part of the state. This region, particularly the reclaimed coal mine lands, provides an ideal habitat with open grasslands for foraging and forested areas for cover and shade. The availability of quality forage in this area contributes to the elk’s ability to thrive without extensive migration.
Public viewing opportunities are available, notably at the Southern Gap Outdoor Adventure Center in Buchanan County. The best times to see elk are typically during early mornings after sunrise and late evenings at dusk, as these are periods when the animals are most active and visible in open areas. Responsible viewing practices, such as maintaining distance and avoiding disturbance, are important for the herd’s well-being.