Black bears are a native species to Texas, and their presence in the state often sparks curiosity. Understanding how many of these animals inhabit the diverse landscapes of Texas involves looking at both their current distribution and the historical factors that have shaped their numbers. While exact figures remain elusive for a wide-ranging species, ongoing efforts provide insights into their return.
Current Bear Population in Texas
Black bear populations in Texas are primarily concentrated in the Trans-Pecos region, with occasional sightings in East Texas and less commonly in Central and South Texas. The Trans-Pecos region, particularly the Chisos and Guadalupe Mountains, is home to the only established breeding population of black bears in the state. Wildlife researchers estimate there are around 75 bears residing in West Texas, though this number is unconfirmed. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) is currently conducting research to better understand the population size and recolonization patterns in West Texas.
Three subspecies of black bears are thought to occur in Texas: the Mexican and New Mexico black bears in West Texas, and occasionally the Eastern black bear in Northeast Texas. The Louisiana black bear is not known to have a resident population in East Texas, though individuals may cross from neighboring states. Exact population numbers are difficult to obtain due to the elusive nature of bears and their extensive movements, with estimates often relying on reported sightings, camera traps, and other signs.
A Look Back: Black Bear History in Texas
Black bears were once abundant across much of Texas, inhabiting areas from the piney woods of East Texas to the rugged mountains of the Trans-Pecos. However, by the mid-20th century, black bears were largely extirpated from Texas due to widespread habitat loss, unregulated hunting, and predator control programs. Logging, agricultural expansion, and hunting practices that allowed for year-round take with no limits significantly reduced their numbers.
The decline was so severe that by the 1950s, black bears were considered practically extinct in Texas. The current populations are largely a result of natural recolonization from neighboring states like Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana, rather than reintroduction programs. For instance, sightings in Big Bend National Park began to increase in the 1980s, often from Mexico.
Protecting and Tracking Texas Bears
State agencies and conservation groups actively work to monitor and protect the returning black bear populations in Texas. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) plays a central role in these efforts, including investigating reported sightings to understand recolonization rates. TPWD also encourages public reporting of bear sightings, which helps biologists track activity and distribution. These reports, along with methods like camera trapping and genetic sampling from hair, provide valuable data on bear presence and movement.
Conservation plans outline strategies for habitat management and public education. TPWD also provides educational initiatives for the public on how to coexist with bears, emphasizing the importance of securing attractants like garbage and pet food to prevent conflicts. Black bears are protected in Texas, classified as a state-threatened species, making it illegal to hunt, trap, or kill them. This protection, combined with ongoing research and public awareness, aids their natural recovery.