It is common for new parents to experience uterine contractions after childbirth. These contractions, often more noticeable for those who breastfeed, help the uterus return to its pre-pregnancy state.
Understanding Uterine Contractions
After birth, the uterus undergoes a process called involution, where it contracts to shrink back to its original size. These contractions also compress blood vessels at the site where the placenta was attached, which helps to minimize postpartum bleeding. The sensation of these contractions is often referred to as “afterpains.”
The hormone oxytocin plays a significant role. When a baby suckles, it stimulates oxytocin release, causing uterine muscles to contract. This also facilitates the milk ejection reflex, or let-down, during breastfeeding.
How Long Contractions Last
Uterine contractions are most noticeable and intense in the first few days following childbirth, often peaking around days two to three postpartum. They can feel similar to menstrual cramps or mild labor contractions, varying from mild to severe. While acute pain usually subsides within three days to a week, the uterus continues subtle contractions for several weeks as it completes involution, shrinking from about 2.5 pounds to 2 ounces by six weeks postpartum.
Contractions are more frequent and intense during breastfeeding due to oxytocin release. This indicates effective uterine contraction, which helps reduce postpartum blood loss. While painful afterpains resolve within days, uterine shrinkage continues for about six weeks.
Influencing Factors
Several factors can influence the intensity and perceived duration of postpartum uterine contractions. Contractions are often more noticeable and stronger with subsequent pregnancies. The uterine muscles may have become more stretched with each birth, requiring more vigorous contractions to return to their original size.
Carrying multiple babies can also lead to more pronounced afterpains, as the uterus has been more significantly distended. The frequency and intensity of breastfeeding can influence contractions; more frequent nursing stimulates greater oxytocin release, leading to stronger contractions.
When to Consult a Doctor
While mild to moderate afterpains are a normal part of postpartum recovery, certain symptoms warrant medical attention. Seek advice if contractions are accompanied by a sudden increase in heavy bleeding, such as soaking through more than one sanitary pad per hour, or if you pass large blood clots, especially those larger than a golf ball.
A foul-smelling vaginal discharge, unlike normal postpartum bleeding (lochia), can signal an infection. Other concerning symptoms include a fever of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher, chills, or persistent severe pain that does not improve or worsens. Pain localized to one side or any other symptoms that cause concern should prompt a consultation with a healthcare provider.