Colon polyps are abnormal growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While many are harmless, some can become cancerous if not removed. Healthcare providers often discover these growths during a routine colonoscopy, which allows for a visual examination of the large intestine. If polyps are identified, they are typically removed during the same procedure through a polypectomy.
Expected Bleeding Duration
After colon polyp removal, some light bleeding is common. This typically appears as small amounts of blood in the stool or on toilet paper and is a normal part of the healing process. While immediate spotting can occur within hours, most mild bleeding resolves within a few days, or up to a week. Delayed bleeding can occur, with some instances reported up to 10 to 14 days following the procedure. In rare cases, this delayed bleeding might appear as long as 30 days after the polypectomy.
Characteristics of Normal Bleeding
Normal bleeding following a polypectomy is limited in amount. Patients might observe bright red streaks of blood on toilet paper after a bowel movement or small spots of blood mixed with their stool. This type of bleeding usually signifies minor irritation at the polyp removal site and is not a cause for concern. Small amounts of fresh, red blood are expected as the tissue heals.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While some bleeding is expected, certain signs indicate medical attention is necessary. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience heavy rectal bleeding, defined as more than a few tablespoons of blood. The passage of blood clots or black, tarry stools (melena) also warrants prompt evaluation, as these can signify more significant bleeding from higher in the digestive tract. Severe abdominal pain, particularly if it persists or worsens, requires urgent medical assessment. Other concerning signs include fever, dizziness, weakness, or a fast heart rate, as these may suggest substantial blood loss or another complication.
Factors Influencing Bleeding
Several factors can influence the likelihood and extent of bleeding after colon polyp removal. The size of the polyp is a determinant, with larger polyps (greater than 1 cm or 10 mm) carrying an increased risk of delayed bleeding. The location of the polyp also plays a role, as polyps removed from the right side of the colon are associated with a higher bleeding risk. The method used for removal can affect bleeding; for instance, certain electrocautery techniques might influence the risk of delayed bleeding.
A patient’s medication regimen is another factor. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications, such as anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents like aspirin, NSAIDs, clopidogrel, or warfarin, have an elevated risk of bleeding. It is important to discuss all medications with your doctor before the procedure. Additionally, patient characteristics like older age (over 65 or 80), underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or hypertension, and a higher body mass index (BMI) can contribute to an increased risk of post-polypectomy bleeding.