A Dilation and Curettage (D&C) is a common gynecological procedure performed to remove tissue from the uterus. Healthcare professionals perform D&Cs for various reasons, including diagnosing and treating uterine conditions, managing heavy bleeding, or clearing the uterine lining after a miscarriage or abortion. The procedure involves widening the cervix, which is the lower, narrow part of the uterus, and then using a surgical instrument or suction device to remove uterine tissue.
Expected Bleeding Duration
After a D&C, patients typically experience some form of bleeding or spotting. This bleeding usually lasts for about one to two weeks. However, some individuals may have light vaginal bleeding or spotting that continues for up to three to four weeks. The bleeding often starts heavier and then gradually lightens over the recovery period.
Bleeding may be minimal immediately after the procedure, sometimes for the first few days. Subsequently, it might become heavier around day three to five post-procedure, resembling a period.
Characteristics of Normal Bleeding
Initially, bleeding after a D&C may be bright red, similar to a menstrual period. As healing progresses, the discharge often changes to pink or brown. This spotting or light bleeding should gradually decrease over time.
It is also common to pass small blood clots during the first few days post-procedure. These clots are typically small, but some individuals might pass clots up to the size of a quarter. Passing small clots is normal as the uterus sheds its lining.
Factors Influencing Bleeding
Several factors influence the duration and heaviness of bleeding after a D&C. The reason for the procedure plays a role, such as whether it was performed for diagnosis, heavy bleeding management, or tissue removal following a miscarriage or abortion. For instance, if the D&C was performed after a miscarriage, especially one occurring later in pregnancy, there might be more tissue to remove, potentially affecting bleeding.
Individual physiological differences and overall health also contribute to variations in recovery. The body’s natural healing response and hormonal changes can impact how long and how heavily a person bleeds.
When to Contact a Healthcare Provider
While some bleeding is expected, certain signs require immediate medical attention. Contact a healthcare provider if you experience excessively heavy bleeding, defined as soaking more than one sanitary pad per hour for two or more consecutive hours. Passing large blood clots, especially those consistently larger than a lemon, is also concerning.
Other warning signs include a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. Severe or worsening abdominal pain or cramps not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication also warrant a call to your provider. A foul-smelling vaginal discharge can indicate an infection and requires medical evaluation.
Post-Procedure Care and Recovery
Proper post-procedure care helps manage bleeding and support overall recovery. Use sanitary pads instead of tampons after a D&C to monitor bleeding and reduce infection risk.
To prevent infection, avoid douching and refrain from sexual activity for at least one to two weeks, or as advised by your provider. The cervix needs time to close and return to its normal size, as it is at a higher risk of bacterial entry during this period. Rest is important for recovery; most people can return to regular activities within one to two days, but strenuous activity should be avoided initially.