Wisdom teeth extraction is a common oral surgery. Numbness in the mouth and surrounding areas is a normal part of the immediate recovery. This temporary loss of sensation results directly from dental anesthetics administered during the extraction. Understanding the typical course of this numbness helps manage healing expectations.
Expected Numbness Duration
Initial numbness after wisdom teeth removal is primarily due to local anesthetic, which temporarily blocks nerve signals. This effect generally subsides within two to eight hours, though it can last up to 12 to 24 hours depending on the anesthetic type and amount.
Several factors influence how long this temporary numbness lasts. An individual’s metabolism plays a role, as those with a faster metabolism may find the anesthetic wears off faster. The specific injection location and extraction complexity can also affect duration, with more involved procedures or greater anesthetic volumes potentially leading to prolonged numbness. As the anesthetic gradually wears off, sensation typically returns progressively, often starting with a tingling or “pins and needles” feeling.
Understanding Persistent Numbness
While temporary numbness is normal, prolonged or persistent numbness, known as paresthesia, is a less common complication. This occurs when nerves are irritated, stretched, or damaged during extraction. Wisdom teeth are often in close proximity to nerves like the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves, making them susceptible to involvement.
The inferior alveolar nerve runs through the lower jawbone, responsible for sensation in the lower teeth, gums, lip, and chin. The lingual nerve, located near the inner surface of the lower jaw, provides sensation and partly taste to the tongue and floor of the mouth.
Nerve injuries causing persistent numbness are rare, with temporary issues in 0.5% to 5% of cases, and lasting damage affecting less than 1%. When it occurs, this numbness can last for weeks, months, or rarely, become permanent. Most minor nerve injuries improve as nerves heal, often within days or weeks, though more significant damage may require several months for recovery.
When to Seek Professional Advice and Managing Numbness
Contact your oral surgeon or dentist if numbness persists beyond 24 to 48 hours. Other concerns include changes in sensation, pain (electric, shooting, or burning) accompanying numbness, difficulty with motor functions like moving lips, tongue, or cheeks, or new onset of numbness or altered taste.
While numb, take precautions to prevent accidental injury. Avoid biting lips, cheeks, or tongue, as these areas are still anesthetized and susceptible to injury. Stick to soft foods and avoid hot liquids until sensation returns to prevent burns or chewing injuries.
Gentle stimulation of the numb area, such as light brushing or massage, may encourage nerve regeneration, but only under professional guidance. Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments for monitoring and to address concerns.