Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) is a widely favored houseplant, known for its adaptability and trailing foliage. Propagating new plants from cuttings is a rewarding way to expand a collection or share with others. Allowing cuttings to form a callus before planting or rooting significantly enhances propagation success. This initial step creates a protective barrier, preparing the cutting for its next stage of development.
Understanding Pothos Callusing
Callusing involves the formation of a protective layer of undifferentiated cells, known as callus tissue, over a wounded plant surface. For pothos cuttings, this process occurs at the cut end, where the stem was severed from the parent plant. This tissue acts as a natural bandage, sealing the wound. Its primary purpose is to prevent the entry of pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi, that could otherwise lead to rot and plant death.
The development of callus tissue also plays a role in preparing the cutting for root emergence. It provides a stable, somewhat hardened surface from which adventitious roots can later develop. Without proper callusing, the soft, exposed vascular tissues at the cut end remain vulnerable to decay, especially when introduced to moist environments like water or soil.
How to Callus Pothos Cuttings and How Long It Takes
Preparing a pothos cutting for callusing involves making a clean cut just below a node, the small bump on the stem where leaves and aerial roots emerge. Use a sharp, sterilized knife or pruning shears to minimize tissue damage and prevent disease. Remove any leaves from the bottom section that would be submerged in water or buried in soil to prevent rotting.
After preparing the cutting, place it in a dry location with good air circulation and indirect light. Lay the cuttings on a clean paper towel or a dry tray, away from direct sunlight which can scorch the delicate tissue. Adequate air movement helps the wound dry out and encourages callus formation, preventing excessive moisture that could lead to fungal growth.
The duration for a pothos cutting to callus typically ranges from a few days to approximately one week. A successfully callused end will appear dry, hardened, and sometimes slightly discolored, often turning a light brown or yellowish hue. It should feel firm to the touch, and there might be a subtle bump or thickening at the cut surface. Factors such as ambient humidity and temperature can influence this timeline; higher humidity may slow the callusing process, while warmer conditions can sometimes accelerate it.
Next Steps After Callusing
Once the pothos cutting has developed a visible callus, it is ready for the next phase of propagation. Two common methods for encouraging root development are water propagation and soil propagation.
For water propagation, place the callused end of the cutting into a container filled with clean water, ensuring at least one node is submerged. Change the water every few days to maintain freshness and prevent bacterial growth. If opting for soil propagation, plant the callused cutting directly into a small pot filled with a well-draining potting mix, burying at least one node. Keep the soil lightly moist but not waterlogged, as consistent excessive moisture can still lead to rot.