A suppository is a solid, often cone-shaped or oval-shaped, medication designed to be inserted into a body cavity, such as the rectum or vagina. Once inside, the suppository melts or dissolves due to body heat, releasing the medication directly into the bloodstream or to the local area for a targeted effect. Effectiveness largely depends on how long the suppository remains in place.
Understanding Retention Times
The duration a suppository needs to remain in the body varies based on the medication, its intended action, and the specific product formulation. Generally, suppositories begin to melt within 10 to 15 minutes, with full absorption potentially taking 30 minutes or more. For effectiveness, a suppository needs to stay inside for at least 15 to 60 minutes, or until fully dissolved.
Rectal suppositories, for example, are designed to melt and be absorbed by the rich network of blood vessels in the rectum. Laxative suppositories, such as those containing glycerin or bisacodyl, work more quickly, stimulating bowel muscles and softening stool within 15 to 60 minutes. Other suppositories, such as those for pain relief or anti-nausea, require longer retention for full systemic effect.
Proper Insertion and Post-Insertion Care
Correct insertion is important to ensure the suppository remains in place. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water to reduce the risk of infection. Unwrap the suppository, and if it feels too soft, you can firm it up by holding it under cold water while still in its wrapper or by refrigerating it for a few minutes.
Lubricating the tip of the suppository with water or a water-based lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly, can make insertion easier; avoid petroleum jelly as it can prevent the suppository from melting properly. For rectal suppositories, a common position is to lie on your side with your top leg bent towards your stomach, or to stand with one leg raised on a chair. Gently insert the suppository, pointed end first, about 1 inch into the rectum, past the sphincter muscle.
After insertion, it is recommended to remain still, either sitting or lying down with legs closed, for at least 15 minutes to allow the suppository to dissolve and the medication to begin absorption. Unless the suppository is a laxative, try to avoid having a bowel movement for at least one hour to allow sufficient time for the medication to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Additionally, limit strenuous activity or excessive movement for about an hour after insertion to help ensure proper retention.
Important Considerations and When to Seek Advice
Always read the specific product label and patient information leaflet that accompanies your suppository medication. These documents provide tailored instructions for usage, storage, and potential side effects. Suppositories should be stored in a cool, dry place; some may require refrigeration.
If a suppository comes out prematurely, it might indicate that it was not inserted far enough into the body cavity. In such cases, you may need to re-insert a fresh suppository, ensuring it is pushed past the sphincter muscle. If symptoms do not improve after using the suppository as directed, or if you experience severe irritation, persistent discomfort, or any unusual reactions, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. They can provide guidance on correct usage, address any concerns, and determine if an alternative treatment is necessary.