A bump on the head, often called a “goose egg,” is a common minor injury resulting from a blow to the scalp. This visible swelling is a hematoma, caused by tiny blood vessels beneath the skin breaking and leaking blood into the surrounding tissue. Icing is the primary immediate first aid for this minor injury, working to limit internal bleeding and manage inflammation. Applying a cold compress correctly is the first step in managing discomfort and swelling.
Immediate Icing Duration and Technique
The recommended period for applying a cold compress to a head bump is 15 to 20 minutes at a time. This duration allows the cold to effectively constrict superficial blood vessels (vasoconstriction), slowing the flow of blood into the injury site. Reducing internal bleeding minimizes the size of the hematoma and helps dull pain.
Always wrap the ice or cold pack in a thin towel or cloth before applying it to the skin to prevent frostbite or tissue damage. Direct contact between ice and skin can cause localized injury. After the initial 15 to 20 minute application, remove the cold pack and wait about 30 minutes before reapplying it.
This cycle of application and rest should be repeated every one to two hours for the first 24 hours following the injury. The intermittent application allows the skin temperature to recover while still providing therapeutic benefits against swelling and pain. Continue this cold therapy for the first day or two, or until the swelling noticeably subsides.
Recognizing Symptoms That Require Medical Attention
Although most head bumps are minor, monitor the injured person closely for signs of a more serious underlying injury, such as a concussion or internal bleeding. Any loss of consciousness, even if momentary, warrants immediate medical evaluation. A persistent headache that worsens or is not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication is also a warning sign.
Repeated vomiting or nausea following the injury may indicate increased pressure within the skull. Other serious symptoms include profound confusion, slurred speech, or unusual behavior like extreme irritability. Emergency indicators include seizures, dilation of one or both pupils, or clear fluid or blood draining from the ears or nose.
If the injured person experiences weakness or numbness in their limbs, problems with balance, or difficulty walking, they need urgent medical attention. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications, those with a known clotting disorder, or anyone who has had previous brain surgery should seek medical advice regardless of symptom severity. Observe the injured person for at least the first 24 to 48 hours to catch any delayed symptoms.
Follow-Up Care After Initial Treatment
Once the first 24 to 48 hours have passed and the swelling is stable or decreasing, you can stop the regular icing cycles. Care shifts from immediate swelling control to overall comfort and recovery. For managing mild pain, acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) is the preferred over-the-counter option.
Avoid Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin immediately after a head injury. NSAIDs can interfere with blood clotting and may increase the risk of bleeding complications if a serious internal injury is present. Acetaminophen is a safer choice for initial pain relief because it does not share this blood-thinning effect.
The visible “goose egg” may take one to two weeks to fully resolve, gradually flattening as the body reabsorbs the leaked blood. During recovery, avoiding strenuous activity and getting adequate rest is important to allow the brain and surrounding tissues to heal. If any symptoms persist beyond a few days or worsen, a follow-up consultation with a healthcare provider is advised.