A Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test measures the level of a protein produced by the prostate gland, a small gland in the male reproductive system. This blood test helps monitor prostate health, playing a role in screening for conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer. Accurately interpreting PSA test results is important for proper medical assessment and ensuring appropriate follow-up.
Key Recommendation for Exercise Avoidance
To ensure accurate PSA test results, healthcare providers typically recommend avoiding certain physical activities for a specific period before the test. It is generally advised to abstain from vigorous exercise for at least 24 to 48 hours prior to the test. For highly strenuous activities, some recommendations extend this period to 72 hours, or even up to a week. Activities to avoid include running, cycling, heavy lifting, or any vigorous sports that might put pressure on the prostate area.
Why Exercise Affects PSA Levels
Physical activity can temporarily elevate PSA levels. Vigorous movements, especially those involving direct pressure on the perineum or intense muscle contraction, can mechanically stimulate the prostate gland. This stimulation may lead to a release of more PSA into the blood. This temporary increase could result in a false positive reading, potentially leading to unnecessary anxiety or additional medical investigations.
Additional Factors Influencing PSA Levels
Beyond exercise, several other factors can temporarily influence PSA levels, making it important to consider them before a test. Ejaculation, for instance, can cause a rise in PSA; it is recommended to abstain from sexual activity for at least 24 to 48 hours before the test. Digital rectal examinations (DREs) or prostate massages can also stimulate the prostate and elevate PSA levels, so the PSA test is often advised before a DRE, or to wait afterward.
Recent medical procedures, such as a prostate biopsy, can significantly increase PSA levels for several weeks; a waiting period of up to six weeks may be necessary. Infections or inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis) or urinary tract infections (UTIs) can also lead to elevated PSA readings. Certain medications, like finasteride or dutasteride used for prostate enlargement, can lower PSA levels, while others, including some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or statins, can affect readings.
Preparing for Your PSA Test
Proper preparation for a PSA test ensures accurate and reliable results. Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider regarding pre-test precautions. It is important to disclose all relevant activities, medical conditions, and any medications you are taking to your doctor before the test. This approach helps ensure your PSA reading accurately reflects your prostate health, guiding appropriate medical decisions.