Jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, corrects significant misalignments of the jaws and teeth that cannot be fully addressed with orthodontics alone. This procedure can improve chewing, speaking, and breathing, while also impacting facial appearance. A common aspect of the recovery process involves temporarily immobilizing the jaw, often by “wiring it shut” or using elastic bands.
Typical Wiring Duration
The duration a jaw remains wired shut after surgery ranges from four to eight weeks. This timeframe allows the bones to heal and fuse in their new, corrected position. The exact period can vary significantly based on several factors, including the specific type of surgery performed, the complexity of the jaw correction, and the surgeon’s individual preferences. A patient’s healing rate also plays a role in determining when the wires can be safely removed. Ultimately, the surgeon will assess the bone healing progress to decide the precise duration of immobilization.
Why Jaw Wiring is Necessary
Jaw wiring, medically termed maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), provides stability for the healing bones, much like a cast stabilizes a broken limb. This immobilization ensures that the jawbones remain in their proper alignment as they fuse together following surgical adjustments. Minimizing movement prevents complications, such as a non-union where the bones fail to heal properly, and promotes optimal recovery. This controlled environment supports bone regeneration, allowing new bone tissue to form and strengthen the surgical sites.
Daily Life with a Wired Jaw
Living with a wired jaw presents practical challenges, particularly concerning diet and oral hygiene. A liquid or pureed diet is necessary, as chewing is not possible. Patients often consume nutrient-rich smoothies, soups, and liquid meal supplements to maintain adequate nutrition and prevent weight loss, with some even needing to use a syringe for intake. Oral hygiene is important to prevent tooth decay and gum inflammation, requiring thorough brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush. Mouth rinses, including medicated rinses or salt water, are used frequently to keep the mouth clean.
Communication is impacted, as speaking clearly is difficult or limited, often requiring patients to rely on writing or text-to-speech apps. Discomfort and swelling are common, especially in the initial days after surgery, and can be managed with prescribed pain medication and by keeping the head elevated. Patients are advised to carry wire cutters for emergency situations, such as vomiting, though vomiting passes through the wires. Applying dental wax can help alleviate irritation from the wires rubbing against the lips or cheeks.
After the Wires Are Removed
Once the wires are removed, in an outpatient procedure, patients may experience stiffness and weakness in their jaw muscles. The jaw may only open a few millimeters at first. To regain full function, starting jaw exercises or physical therapy as directed by the surgeon is important. These exercises involve various movements to improve range of motion.
A gradual reintroduction of solid foods is necessary, starting with soft foods that do not require much chewing. The healing process and return to normal jaw function can span several months, with complete bone healing taking nine to twelve months. Continued adherence to dietary recommendations and exercise routines helps ensure a successful recovery and adaptation to the new jaw position.