The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or oviducts, are a pair of hollow, muscular ducts. They extend from the ovaries to the uterus. These structures serve as channels, connecting the ovaries, where eggs are produced, to the uterus, where a fertilized egg can potentially develop. They are an integral part of the female reproductive system, contributing significantly to the process of reproduction.
Measuring the Fallopian Tube
Each fallopian tube has an average length ranging from approximately 10 to 14 centimeters (3.9 to 5.5 inches). While these measurements represent a typical range, the length of the fallopian tubes can vary slightly among individuals.
Essential Role in Conception
The fallopian tubes are essential for conception. They act as a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus. When an egg is released from the ovary during ovulation, finger-like projections called fimbriae capture it. The egg then moves into the tube, where it awaits fertilization.
Fertilization typically occurs within the fallopian tube, specifically in the ampulla. After fertilization, the newly formed zygote, or fertilized egg, begins its journey toward the uterus. This journey takes several days, and during this time, the zygote undergoes initial cell divisions. The fallopian tube facilitates this movement, ensuring the developing embryo reaches the uterus for implantation.
Inside the Fallopian Tube
The fallopian tube is composed of several distinct segments. Starting from the end closest to the ovary, there is the infundibulum, a funnel-shaped opening with finger-like projections called fimbriae. These fimbriae actively sweep the egg into the tube after it is released from the ovary. One fimbria, known as the ovarian fimbria, is positioned to make contact with the ovary during ovulation, aiding in egg collection.
Following the infundibulum is the ampulla, which is the longest and widest section of the fallopian tube, typically measuring around 5 centimeters. Next is the isthmus, a narrower, muscular segment that connects the ampulla to the uterus. The final portion is the intramural or interstitial part, which is embedded within the muscular wall of the uterus, opening directly into the uterine cavity.
The inner lining of the fallopian tube is covered with tiny, hair-like structures called cilia. These cilia beat in a coordinated manner, creating currents that help move the egg or embryo along the tube towards the uterus. This ciliary action, along with muscular contractions, propels the egg or fertilized embryo. The cilia are particularly abundant in the infundibulum and ampulla, playing a significant role in egg pickup and transport.