An orchiectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles. The physical recovery timeline generally spans about four to eight weeks for a full return to all normal activities. The overall medical journey is influenced by the reason for the surgery, such as cancer treatment or trauma. Recovery involves managing pain, gradually increasing activity, and achieving physical healing milestones.
The Acute Phase: Immediate Post-Operative Care
Most patients return home the same day or after a single night of observation. The first 72 hours focus on managing discomfort and initial wound care. Mild to moderate pain is expected for the first few days and is managed with prescribed medication. Swelling and bruising around the incision site and the scrotum are common.
Applying ice packs for short intervals helps reduce this initial swelling. Wearing supportive underwear or a scrotal support is recommended to minimize movement and discomfort. Care for the incision site requires attention to prevent infection. Patients are advised to keep the area clean and dry, often showering two days after surgery, but must avoid submersion in water, such as baths, swimming, or hot tubs, for about two weeks.
Short-Term Milestones: Return to Light Activity
The second week marks a transition toward increasing functional mobility and light activity. As pain subsides, many patients stop taking narcotic pain medication, which is a prerequisite for resuming driving. Most individuals can operate a vehicle again about one to two weeks after surgery. Those with desk jobs or work without physical strain can often return to employment around the two-week mark.
Gentle walking is encouraged, as this activity promotes blood flow and aids healing, helping prevent complications like blood clots and constipation. Swelling and bruising noticeably diminish throughout this phase, with the majority resolving by the end of the first month. Restrictions against strenuous activity remain in place to protect the internal healing of the incision site.
Defining Complete Physical Recovery
Full physical recovery is achieved between four and eight weeks post-operation, when nearly all activity restrictions are lifted. The most significant milestone is clearance to resume heavy lifting and vigorous exercise. Surgeons advise avoiding lifting anything over 10 pounds for approximately four to six weeks. This restriction prevents strain on the incision, which could lead to complications such as a hernia or delayed wound healing.
Strenuous activities, including running, cycling, or intense aerobic exercise, should also be avoided until the four to six-week point. Once the physician confirms the incision is fully healed, patients can safely reintroduce these activities. Sexual activity can often be resumed around three weeks after the procedure, depending on comfort level. If both testicles were removed, non-physical adjustments may surface several weeks after the operation due to a drop in hormone levels, requiring discussion with a healthcare provider.
When Recovery Deviates: Recognizing Complications
While some pain and swelling are anticipated, certain symptoms require immediate medical attention as they indicate recovery is deviating from the normal course. A fever (temperature over 100.4°F) can signal a developing infection. Patients should monitor for persistent or increasing pain not alleviated by prescribed medication. Localized signs of infection at the surgical site include excessive redness, warmth, or red streaks extending from the incision.
The drainage of pus, which is thick and often milky, also signals a potential issue. A rapid or excessive increase in swelling, especially if accompanied by severe bruising, could indicate internal bleeding or a hematoma. Any inability to urinate should also be reported immediately. Recognizing these specific warning signs is important for a safe and uncomplicated recovery.