A palate expander is an orthodontic device designed to gently widen the upper jaw, also known as the maxilla. This custom-made appliance fits in the roof of the mouth and is anchored to the upper teeth. Its purpose is to gradually separate the two halves of the upper jaw, creating more space within the dental arch.
Why Palate Expanders Are Used
Orthodontists recommend palate expanders to address various dental and skeletal issues, primarily when the upper jaw is too narrow. One common reason is to correct a crossbite, a misalignment where the upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth. Widening the upper jaw helps the teeth fit together correctly, preventing uneven wear and potential jaw problems.
Palate expanders also create necessary space for crowded or overlapping teeth. By expanding the jaw, the appliance can reduce or eliminate the need for tooth extractions, allowing permanent teeth to align properly. Furthermore, a narrow upper jaw can restrict airflow, contributing to breathing difficulties or conditions like obstructive sleep apnea. Expanding the palate can widen the nasal airway, potentially improving breathing function.
How Wear Time Is Determined
The duration a palate expander is worn is not uniform for every patient, as it depends on several individual factors. A significant factor is the patient’s age; younger individuals, particularly children between 7 and 14, often have shorter treatment times. Their jawbones are still developing and are more flexible, making expansion more efficient.
The severity of the jaw discrepancy also influences wear time. More complex cases, such as severe crowding or significant crossbites, may require a longer period of expansion. Patient compliance is another important factor, as consistent activation of the expander and adherence to orthodontic instructions are crucial for timely progress.
Stages of Palate Expansion
Palate expander treatment involves two main phases: active expansion and retention. During the active expansion phase, the expander is adjusted daily or every few days, often by turning a small screw with a key. This applies gentle, continuous pressure to gradually widen the upper jaw. This phase usually lasts 1 to 3 months, though it can extend up to 6 months depending on the required expansion.
Following active expansion, the expander remains in place for a retention or stabilization phase, without further turning. This period allows new bone to form and solidify the jaw width. The stabilization phase lasts 3 to 9 months, or up to a year. In total, most patients wear a palate expander for an average of 6 to 12 months. Children may complete treatment faster, while adults may require longer durations, sometimes needing surgical assistance.
Life with a Palate Expander
Adjusting to a palate expander takes some time, and patients may experience initial discomfort or pressure. This sensation is mild and subsides within a few days as the mouth adapts. Temporary changes in speech, such as a lisp, and increased salivation are also common during the initial adjustment period.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is important when wearing a palate expander. The appliance should be brushed thoroughly after every meal to prevent food accumulation and plaque buildup. Regular orthodontic appointments are necessary for monitoring progress and making any needed adjustments to the expander.