Mycoplasma is a type of bacteria that can cause a range of infections, often affecting the respiratory system. Unlike other bacteria, Mycoplasma completely lacks a cell wall. This absence impacts how certain medications affect them and contributes to their unique spread.
What is Mycoplasma?
Mycoplasma are among the smallest known free-living organisms. They lack a rigid cell wall, a structural difference that sets them apart from other bacteria. While over 120 Mycoplasma species exist, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the primary one responsible for respiratory infections in humans.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae commonly causes respiratory tract infections, including a form of pneumonia often called “walking pneumonia” due to its milder symptoms that may not require hospitalization. Symptoms usually appear one to four weeks after infection and can include a sore throat, dry cough, headache, fever, and fatigue. The cough can persist for weeks or even months.
How Mycoplasma Spreads
Mycoplasma transmission primarily occurs through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These tiny droplets can then be inhaled by others nearby, leading to infection. Direct contact with an infected individual, especially prolonged and close interaction, also facilitates spread.
The bacteria can also be spread by touching surfaces or objects contaminated with these droplets. Mycoplasma infections often spread in crowded environments like schools, college dormitories, and households.
How Long Mycoplasma is Contagious
Mycoplasma pneumoniae can remain contagious for a considerable period. Individuals can begin spreading the bacteria even before symptoms manifest. Contagiousness can continue for several weeks or even months if the infection is not treated, with some sources indicating it can last around 20 days or longer.
Factors influencing the duration of contagiousness include whether the infected person receives appropriate antibiotic treatment. While the bacteria can persist in the respiratory tract for an extended time, antibiotic therapy significantly reduces the contagious period. Contagiousness typically decreases within a few days after starting antibiotics. It is recommended to complete the full course of treatment, which can range from 5 to 14 days.
Preventing the Spread of Mycoplasma
Preventing Mycoplasma transmission involves practicing good hygiene and limiting exposure to infected individuals. Frequent handwashing with soap and water reduces the spread of respiratory germs. Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or into the elbow helps contain respiratory droplets.
Avoiding close contact with sick individuals is important. Staying home when experiencing symptoms, especially during the initial symptomatic period, helps prevent further community spread. Wearing a mask when leaving home while sick can reduce droplet transmission. Regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces also contributes to prevention.