Wisdom teeth extraction is a common dental procedure performed to address issues such as impaction, pain, or crowding. Following this surgery, experiencing numbness in the mouth and surrounding areas is a normal and expected part of the recovery process. This temporary sensation is caused by the anesthetics administered during the procedure.
Expected Numbness Duration
Numbness after wisdom teeth extraction typically lasts for a few hours. This sensation is a direct result of local anesthetics, such as lidocaine or articaine, which are used to block nerve signals, preventing pain during the procedure. For most individuals, numbness usually subsides completely within 3 to 5 hours after surgery. However, some local anesthetics, like bupivacaine, can have effects that last longer, sometimes up to 8 hours.
As the anesthetic begins to wear off, individuals may notice a tingling sensation or slight discomfort, indicating the return of normal feeling. The body’s metabolism gradually processes and eliminates the anesthetic, allowing nerve function to return.
Factors Influencing Numbness
Several factors can influence how long numbness persists after wisdom teeth removal. The type and dosage of the anesthetic used play a significant role. Some agents have a longer duration of action; for instance, lidocaine typically numbs for 1 to 3 hours, while bupivacaine can extend this to 4 to 8 hours. The amount administered also impacts how long the effects linger.
The complexity of the extraction procedure also affects numbness duration. More involved surgeries, such as those for impacted teeth, might result in prolonged numbness. This is often because more extensive procedures may irritate nearby nerves or require a greater volume of anesthetic. An individual’s metabolism, age, and overall health can also influence how quickly their body processes and eliminates the numbing agent.
While You’re Numb
During the period of numbness following wisdom teeth extraction, it is important to take specific precautions to prevent accidental injury. Since sensation in your mouth, lips, or tongue may be diminished, there is a risk of inadvertently biting these tissues. It is advisable to avoid eating until the numbness has significantly worn off.
When you begin to eat, stick to soft, lukewarm foods like yogurt, pudding, applesauce, or mashed potatoes. Avoid very hot liquids or foods, as you may not be able to gauge their temperature, potentially leading to burns. Refrain from using straws, as the sucking motion can dislodge the blood clot forming in the extraction site, which is important for healing. Speech might also be temporarily affected while the mouth is numb.
When Numbness Lingers
While temporary numbness is expected, persistent numbness beyond the typical timeframe can occur. This prolonged or altered sensation might indicate nerve irritation or, in rare instances, nerve damage during the extraction. The inferior alveolar nerve and the lingual nerve are particularly susceptible, as wisdom teeth are often in close proximity to them. Swelling after the procedure can also put pressure on nerves, contributing to prolonged numbness.
If numbness persists for more than 24-48 hours after the procedure, or if it is asymmetrical, contacting your dentist or oral surgeon is advisable. Early communication allows for timely assessment and intervention, which can improve the chances of a positive outcome. While most nerve injuries resolve on their own over weeks or months, persistent symptoms lasting beyond 6 to 12 months may suggest more lasting nerve impairment.