A gum graft is a surgical procedure designed to treat gum recession, a condition where gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, exposing the roots. This exposure can lead to increased tooth sensitivity, a higher risk of decay, and potential bone loss around the teeth. By transplanting healthy gum tissue, typically from another area of your mouth or a donor source, a gum graft aims to cover these exposed roots, protect your teeth, and improve the overall health and appearance of your gum line. Following this procedure, swelling is a normal and expected part of the body’s natural healing response.
Expected Swelling Timeline
Swelling, a natural inflammatory response, begins immediately after a gum graft and follows a predictable pattern. The most noticeable swelling usually peaks within the first two to three days following surgery. During this initial period, you might also experience some bruising in the affected area, which is also a normal part of recovery.
After reaching its peak, swelling gradually subsides. Most visible swelling significantly reduces by the end of the first week, largely resolving within seven to ten days post-surgery, though minor puffiness may linger. Individual healing rates vary based on procedure complexity and personal responses. Complete tissue integration and full recovery can take several months, with the graft becoming more robust over time.
Managing Post-Operative Swelling
Applying ice packs to the outside of your face, over the treated area, is a common and effective method to reduce swelling. Apply ice for 10 to 20 minutes at a time, alternating with 10 to 20 minutes off, especially during the first 24 to 48 hours. This intermittent application helps to constrict blood vessels and limit fluid buildup.
Elevating your head, especially during sleep, minimizes swelling by reducing blood pooling. Use extra pillows or sleep in a reclined position. Avoid strenuous physical activities, heavy lifting, or anything that significantly increases your heart rate for at least the first week. Such activities can increase blood flow to the surgical site, potentially leading to more discomfort and swelling.
A soft diet is crucial for preventing irritation and promoting healing. Foods like yogurt, mashed potatoes, smoothies, and well-cooked vegetables are good choices, while hot, spicy, crunchy, or chewy foods should be avoided. Adhere to all post-operative instructions from your dentist or periodontist for a smooth recovery and to reduce complications.
When to Contact Your Dentist
While some swelling and discomfort are expected, contact your dental professional if certain symptoms arise. Worsening swelling, especially beyond the third day post-surgery, is a concern. If swelling continues to increase or is accompanied by increasing pain not managed by prescribed medication, it warrants attention.
Signs of infection are a cause for concern. These can include persistent or worsening redness, warmth at the surgical site, pus or fluid discharge, or the development of a fever. While some minor bleeding is normal in the first 24 to 48 hours, excessive or uncontrolled bleeding that does not subside with pressure should be reported to your dentist immediately. Any other unexpected or severe symptoms, or if you have concerns about your healing progress, should prompt a call to your dental office.