Understanding RSV
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, known as RSV, is a widespread respiratory virus that causes mild, cold-like symptoms. While many recover within a week or two, RSV can pose a significant threat to infants, young children, and older adults, potentially leading to severe complications like bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes. These droplets land on surfaces, making its persistence important for preventing spread.
How Long RSV Survives on Surfaces
The duration RSV can survive on surfaces varies depending on the material and environmental conditions. On hard, non-porous surfaces like doorknobs, countertops, and plastic toys, RSV can remain infectious for several hours, often up to 6 hours or more. This extended survival time highlights the importance of regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched items.
Porous materials, such as clothes, tissues, and bedding, generally support RSV survival for shorter periods. On these surfaces, the virus can persist for up to 45 minutes, particularly on items like clothing. The absorbency and texture of these materials influence how quickly the virus dries out and loses infectivity. Environmental factors like temperature and humidity also play a role, with the virus surviving longer in cooler, more humid conditions.
The virus can also survive on skin, including hands, for about 30 minutes. This highlights why hand hygiene is a crucial measure in preventing its spread. The amount of virus present initially affects survival; a higher viral load can lead to longer persistence.
Minimizing RSV Transmission Risks
Reducing the risk of RSV transmission involves consistent hygiene practices and environmental cleaning. Frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is effective at removing RSV particles from the skin. If soap and water are not available, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can be used.
Regularly cleaning and disinfecting high-touch surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and shared toys, helps eliminate the virus. Household disinfectants approved for use against common viruses effectively inactivate RSV on hard surfaces. Following the product’s instructions for contact time ensures proper disinfection.
For items like clothes, bedding, and towels that may be contaminated, routine laundry practices are usually sufficient to remove the virus. Washing these items in a standard washing machine with detergent and warm water physically removes and inactivates RSV. Separating contaminated laundry from other items before washing minimizes cross-contamination.