Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is a form of regenerative medicine that concentrates natural growth factors found within a patient’s own blood to stimulate tissue repair. The process involves drawing a small amount of blood, spinning it in a centrifuge to isolate the platelets, and then injecting this highly concentrated solution into an injured area, such as a tendon or joint. The goal is to enhance the body’s natural healing cascade. Healing with PRP is a gradual process, and understanding this timeline is key to managing expectations for returning to full activity.
The Immediate Post-Procedure Experience
The initial phase of recovery, spanning the first one to seven days, is characterized by the body’s acute inflammatory response to the injection. Patients should anticipate localized discomfort, soreness, and swelling at the injection site. This reaction is a normal sign that the concentrated platelets have been activated and are releasing growth factors to begin the repair process.
It is advised to avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during this time because they can interfere with the inflammation PRP is designed to initiate. This temporary inflammation is essential for activating the platelets and signaling reparative cells to the area. Initial restrictions also include avoiding strenuous physical activity and intense heat, such as saunas or hot baths, for at least 48 to 72 hours.
Functional Progression and Return to Activity
Following the acute phase, recovery shifts into a period of functional progression, typically covering weeks one through eight. Around the two-week mark, initial soreness usually begins to subside, and patients may start to notice improvements in their range of motion and overall comfort. This is the proliferative stage, where growth factors encourage the formation of new tissue and collagen production.
Light, low-impact activities and gentle movement are introduced during this time to prevent stiffness and promote circulation. Physical therapy becomes an important component of the healing strategy, usually starting around week four, to gradually rebuild strength and stability. By weeks five to eight, many patients experience significant functional gains, allowing for a return to moderate physical activity under specialist guidance.
Variables Affecting the Full Healing Timeline
The complete therapeutic result, including final tissue regeneration and pain reduction, takes much longer than the initial functional return, often requiring three to six months to fully manifest. Injuries to structures with poor blood supply, such as chronic tendons and ligaments, typically require a longer time to heal compared to muscle strains.
The severity and chronicity of the injury also play a large role, with long-standing conditions requiring more time for repair than acute injuries. Patient characteristics, including age, overall health status, and lifestyle habits, significantly influence the speed of recovery. Factors like smoking and certain chronic diseases can impair the body’s natural healing capabilities, potentially extending the timeline. Ultimately, healing with PRP involves two stages: the early functional return facilitated by reduced pain and the later, long-term structural repair.